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八年级数学solution一般
题目
学习不仅要知其然,更要知其所以然,追本溯源可以帮助我们更好地理解和运用相关定理或结论.课本上通过对两个含3030^{\circ}角的三角板的摆放,得到"在直角三角形中,3030^{\circ}角所对的直角边等于斜边的一半"这一性质.小颖受此启发给出如下证明过程:
已知:如图,在RtABCRt\triangle ABC中,ACB=90\angle ACB=90^{\circ},ABC=30\angle ABC=30^{\circ}.求证:AC=12ABAC=\frac{1}{2}AB.

证明:如图,延长ACAC至点DD,使CD=CACD=CA.
因为ACB=90\angle ACB=90^{\circ},所以BCBC垂直平分ADAD.
所以BA=BDBA=BD.
因为ACB=90\angle ACB=90^{\circ},ABC=30\angle ABC=30^{\circ},所以A=90ABC=60\angle A=90^{\circ}-\angle ABC=60^{\circ}.
所以BAD\triangle BAD是等边三角形.
所以AB=AD=2ACAB=AD=2AC,即AC=12ABAC=\frac{1}{2}AB.
独立思考:
(1)(1)如图①,在ABC\triangle ABC中,ACB=90\angle ACB=90^{\circ},ABC=30\angle ABC=30^{\circ},作ABAB边上的中线CECE,请判断:
ACE\triangle ACE的形状;
BEBECECE的数量关系.
合作交流:
(2)(2)如图②,在(1)的基础上,DDCBCB边上任意一点,连接ADAD,作等边三角形ADPADP,且点PPACB\angle ACB的内部,连接BPBP.试探究线段BPBPDPDP之间的数量关系,写出你的猜想并证明.
知识点:命题与定理、直角三角形的性质章节:未标注

答案与解析

答案

(1)①ACE\triangle ACE是等边三角形.理由如下:
ACB=90\because \angle ACB=90^{\circ}B=30\angle B=30^{\circ}
A=60\therefore \angle A=60^{\circ}AC=12ABAC=\frac{1}{2}AB
CE\because CEABAB边上的中线,
AE=12AB\therefore AE=\frac{1}{2}AB
AC=AE\therefore AC=AE
A=60\because \angle A=60^{\circ}
ACE\therefore \triangle ACE是等边三角形;
BE=CEBE=CE;理由如下:
由①,得ACE\triangle ACE是等边三角形,
CE=AE\therefore CE=AE
CE\because CEABAB边上的中线,
AE=BE\therefore AE=BE
BE=CE\therefore BE=CE
(2)BP=DP(2)BP=DP.证明如下:
如图②,连接PEPE.

ACE\because \triangle ACEADP\triangle ADP都是等边三角形,
AC=AE=CE\therefore AC=AE=CEAD=AP=DPAD=AP=DPCAE=DAP=60\angle CAE=\angle DAP=60^{\circ}.
CAEDAB=DAPDAB\therefore \angle CAE-\angle DAB=\angle DAP-\angle DAB
CAD=EAP\angle CAD=\angle EAP.
CAD\triangle CADEAP\triangle EAP中,
{AC=AECAD=EAPAD=AP\left\{\begin{array}{l}{AC=AE}\\{∠CAD=∠EAP}\\{AD=AP}\end{array}\right.
CAD\therefore \triangle CADEAP(SAS)\triangle EAP\left(SAS\right)
AEP=ACD=90\therefore \angle AEP=\angle ACD=90^{\circ}
PEAB\therefore PE\bot AB
EA=EB\because EA=EB
PA=PB\therefore PA=PB
DP=AP\because DP=AP
BP=DP\therefore BP=DP.

解析

(1)①ACE\triangle ACE是等边三角形.理由如下:
ACB=90\because \angle ACB=90^{\circ}B=30\angle B=30^{\circ}
A=60\therefore \angle A=60^{\circ}AC=12ABAC=\frac{1}{2}AB
CE\because CEABAB边上的中线,
AE=12AB\therefore AE=\frac{1}{2}AB
AC=AE\therefore AC=AE
A=60\because \angle A=60^{\circ}
ACE\therefore \triangle ACE是等边三角形;
BE=CEBE=CE;理由如下:
由①,得ACE\triangle ACE是等边三角形,
CE=AE\therefore CE=AE
CE\because CEABAB边上的中线,
AE=BE\therefore AE=BE
BE=CE\therefore BE=CE
(2)BP=DP(2)BP=DP.证明如下:
如图②,连接PEPE.

ACE\because \triangle ACEADP\triangle ADP都是等边三角形,
AC=AE=CE\therefore AC=AE=CEAD=AP=DPAD=AP=DPCAE=DAP=60\angle CAE=\angle DAP=60^{\circ}.
CAEDAB=DAPDAB\therefore \angle CAE-\angle DAB=\angle DAP-\angle DAB
CAD=EAP\angle CAD=\angle EAP.
CAD\triangle CADEAP\triangle EAP中,
{AC=AECAD=EAPAD=AP\left\{\begin{array}{l}{AC=AE}\\{∠CAD=∠EAP}\\{AD=AP}\end{array}\right.
CAD\therefore \triangle CADEAP(SAS)\triangle EAP\left(SAS\right)
AEP=ACD=90\therefore \angle AEP=\angle ACD=90^{\circ}
PEAB\therefore PE\bot AB
EA=EB\because EA=EB
PA=PB\therefore PA=PB
DP=AP\because DP=AP
BP=DP\therefore BP=DP.

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