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八年级数学solution一般
题目
若一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0(a0)ax^{2}+bx+c=0\left(a\neq 0\right)有两个实数根为α\alphaβ\beta,那么α+β=baα+β=-\frac{b}{a},αβ=caαβ=\frac{c}{a},这就是一元二次方程的根与系数的关系.利用该结论,不解方程便可以求二次方程的两根之和与积,例如2x2+x3=02x^{2}+x-3=0的两个根分别为α\alphaβ\beta.则α+β=ba=12α+β=\frac{b}{a}=-\frac{1}{2},αβ=ca=32αβ=\frac{c}{a}=-\frac{3}{2}.
(1)(1)小聪同学喜爱思考,他发现利用根与系数的关系不仅可以求解两根之和与两根之积,还可求解方程两根的倒数和.不解方程,请求一元二次方程2x2+x3=02x^{2}+x-3=0的两个根的倒数和.
(2)(2)小明同学酷爱数学,他进一步研究根与系数的关系,发现了一种解一元二次方程的新方法.例如方程2x23x7=02x^{2}-3x-7=0,a=2\because a=2b=3b=-3c=7c=-7,x1+x2=32\therefore {x}_{1}+{x}_{2}=\frac{3}{2},x1x2=72{x}_{1}{x}_{2}=-\frac{7}{2}.
x1=34+k{x}_{1}=\frac{3}{4}+k,x2=34k{x}_{2}=\frac{3}{4}-k,则x1x2=(34+k)(34k)=72{x}_{1}{x}_{2}=(\frac{3}{4}+k)(\frac{3}{4}-k)=\frac{7}{2},即916k2=72\frac{9}{16}-{k}^{2}=-\frac{7}{2},解得k=±654k=±\frac{\sqrt{65}}{4},所以原方程的解为x1=34+654{x}_{1}=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{\sqrt{65}}{4}x2=34654{x}_{2}=\frac{3}{4}-\frac{\sqrt{65}}{4}.请利用小明的方法解方程3x24x2=03x^{2}-4x-2=0.
(3)(3)小睿同学善于发现,他对三次方程ax3+bx2+a+d=0(a0)ax^{3}+bx^{2}+a+d=0\left(a\neq 0\right)的根与系数关系作了探究,将该方程两边同时除以aa可得x3+bax2+cax+da=0{x}^{3}+\frac{b}{a}{x}^{2}+\frac{c}{a}x+\frac{d}{a}=0.若该方程的三个根分别为α\alphaβ\betaγ\gamma,则(xα)(xβ)(xγ)=0\left(x-\alpha \right)\left(x-\beta \right)\left(x-\gamma \right)=0,将其展开后为x3(α+β+γ)x2+(αβ+αγ+βγ)xαβγ=0x^{3}-\left(\alpha +\beta +\gamma \right)x^{2}+\left(\alpha \beta +\alpha \gamma +\beta \gamma \right)x-\alpha \beta \gamma =0,于是α+β+γ=baα+β+γ=-\frac{b}{a}αβ+αγ+βγ=caαβ+αγ+βγ=\frac{c}{a}αβγ=daαβγ=-\frac{d}{a}.若三次方程x3x23x10=0x^{3}-x^{2}-3x-10=0的三个根分别为α\alphaβ\betaγ\gamma,且μ=α+β+γ\mu =-\alpha +\beta +\gamma.请先说明μ+2α=1\mu +2\alpha =1、再直接(不必书写过程)写一个三次方程且使得该三次方程的三个根分别为α+β+γ-\alpha +\beta +\gammaαβ+γ\alpha -\beta +\gammaα+βγ\alpha +\beta -\gamma.
知识点:根的判别式章节:未标注

答案与解析

答案

(1)α+β=ba=12\left(1\right)\because α+β=\frac{b}{a}=-\frac{1}{2}αβ=ca=32αβ=\frac{c}{a}=-\frac{3}{2}
1α+1β=α+βαβ=12÷(32)=13\therefore \frac{1}{α}+\frac{1}{β}=\frac{α+β}{αβ}=-\frac{1}{2}÷(-\frac{3}{2})=\frac{1}{3}
(2)3x24x2=0(2)3x^{2}-4x-2=0
x1+x2=43\therefore {x}_{1}+{x}_{2}=\frac{4}{3}x1x2=23{x}_{1}{x}_{2}=-\frac{2}{3}.
x1=23+k{x}_{1}=\frac{2}{3}+kx2=23k{x}_{2}=\frac{2}{3}-k
x1x2=(23+k)(23k)=23\therefore {x}_{1}{x}_{2}=(\frac{2}{3}+k)(\frac{2}{3}-k)=-\frac{2}{3},即49k2=23\frac{4}{9}-{k}^{2}=-\frac{2}{3}
解得k=±103k=±\frac{\sqrt{10}}{3}
\therefore原方程的解为x1=23+103{x}_{1}=\frac{2}{3}+\frac{\sqrt{10}}{3}x2=23103{x}_{2}=\frac{2}{3}-\frac{\sqrt{10}}{3}
(3)(3)由根与系数的关系,可得α+β+γ=1\alpha +\beta +\gamma =1αβ+αγ+βγ=3\alpha \beta +\alpha \gamma +\beta \gamma =-3αβγ=10\alpha \beta \gamma =10
μ+2α=(α+β+r)+2α=α+β+γ=1\therefore \mu +2\alpha =\left(-\alpha +\beta +r\right)+2\alpha =\alpha +\beta +\gamma =1
由题意得,可设新方程为x3+mx2+nx+p=0x^{3}+mx^{2}+nx+p=0
α+β+γ=1\because \alpha +\beta +\gamma =1
\therefore新的三次方程,其三个根分别可化为12α1-2\alpha12β1-2\beta12γ1-2\gamma
(12α)+(12β)+(12γ)=m\therefore \left(1-2\alpha \right)+\left(1-2\beta \right)+\left(1-2\gamma \right)=-m(12α)(12β)+(12α)(12γ)+(12β)(12γ)=n\left(1-2\alpha \right)\left(1-2\beta \right)+\left(1-2\alpha \right)\left(1-2\gamma \right)+\left(1-2\beta \right)\left(1-2\gamma \right)=n(12α)(12β)(12γ)=p\left(1-2\alpha \right)\left(1-2\beta \right)\left(1-2\gamma \right)=p
m=[32(α+β+γ)]=(32)=1,34(α+β+γ)+4(αβ+αγ+βγ)=n,12(α+β+γ)+4(αβ+αγ+βγ)8αβγ=p\therefore m=-\left[3-2\left(\alpha +\beta +\gamma \right)\right]=-\left(3-2\right)=-1,3-4\left(\alpha +\beta +\gamma \right)+4\left(\alpha \beta +\alpha \gamma +\beta \gamma \right)=n,1-2\left(\alpha +\beta +\gamma \right)+4\left(\alpha \beta +\alpha \gamma +\beta \gamma \right)-8\alpha \beta \gamma =p
n=34×1+4×(3)=13\therefore n=3-4\times 1+4\times \left(-3\right)=-13p=12×1+4×(3)8×10=93p=1-2\times 1+4\times \left(-3\right)-8\times 10=-93
\therefore新方程为x3x213x93=0x^{3}-x^{2}-13x-93=0.

解析

(1)α+β=ba=12\left(1\right)\because α+β=\frac{b}{a}=-\frac{1}{2}αβ=ca=32αβ=\frac{c}{a}=-\frac{3}{2}
1α+1β=α+βαβ=12÷(32)=13\therefore \frac{1}{α}+\frac{1}{β}=\frac{α+β}{αβ}=-\frac{1}{2}÷(-\frac{3}{2})=\frac{1}{3}
(2)3x24x2=0(2)3x^{2}-4x-2=0
x1+x2=43\therefore {x}_{1}+{x}_{2}=\frac{4}{3}x1x2=23{x}_{1}{x}_{2}=-\frac{2}{3}.
x1=23+k{x}_{1}=\frac{2}{3}+kx2=23k{x}_{2}=\frac{2}{3}-k
x1x2=(23+k)(23k)=23\therefore {x}_{1}{x}_{2}=(\frac{2}{3}+k)(\frac{2}{3}-k)=-\frac{2}{3},即49k2=23\frac{4}{9}-{k}^{2}=-\frac{2}{3}
解得k=±103k=±\frac{\sqrt{10}}{3}
\therefore原方程的解为x1=23+103{x}_{1}=\frac{2}{3}+\frac{\sqrt{10}}{3}x2=23103{x}_{2}=\frac{2}{3}-\frac{\sqrt{10}}{3}
(3)(3)由根与系数的关系,可得α+β+γ=1\alpha +\beta +\gamma =1αβ+αγ+βγ=3\alpha \beta +\alpha \gamma +\beta \gamma =-3αβγ=10\alpha \beta \gamma =10
μ+2α=(α+β+r)+2α=α+β+γ=1\therefore \mu +2\alpha =\left(-\alpha +\beta +r\right)+2\alpha =\alpha +\beta +\gamma =1
由题意得,可设新方程为x3+mx2+nx+p=0x^{3}+mx^{2}+nx+p=0
α+β+γ=1\because \alpha +\beta +\gamma =1
\therefore新的三次方程,其三个根分别可化为12α1-2\alpha12β1-2\beta12γ1-2\gamma
(12α)+(12β)+(12γ)=m\therefore \left(1-2\alpha \right)+\left(1-2\beta \right)+\left(1-2\gamma \right)=-m(12α)(12β)+(12α)(12γ)+(12β)(12γ)=n\left(1-2\alpha \right)\left(1-2\beta \right)+\left(1-2\alpha \right)\left(1-2\gamma \right)+\left(1-2\beta \right)\left(1-2\gamma \right)=n(12α)(12β)(12γ)=p\left(1-2\alpha \right)\left(1-2\beta \right)\left(1-2\gamma \right)=p
m=[32(α+β+γ)]=(32)=1,34(α+β+γ)+4(αβ+αγ+βγ)=n,12(α+β+γ)+4(αβ+αγ+βγ)8αβγ=p\therefore m=-\left[3-2\left(\alpha +\beta +\gamma \right)\right]=-\left(3-2\right)=-1,3-4\left(\alpha +\beta +\gamma \right)+4\left(\alpha \beta +\alpha \gamma +\beta \gamma \right)=n,1-2\left(\alpha +\beta +\gamma \right)+4\left(\alpha \beta +\alpha \gamma +\beta \gamma \right)-8\alpha \beta \gamma =p
n=34×1+4×(3)=13\therefore n=3-4\times 1+4\times \left(-3\right)=-13p=12×1+4×(3)8×10=93p=1-2\times 1+4\times \left(-3\right)-8\times 10=-93
\therefore新方程为x3x213x93=0x^{3}-x^{2}-13x-93=0.

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