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八年级数学解答题一般
题目
已知:如图11,AB=ACAB=AC,BAC=90\angle BAC=90^{\circ},点AA,BB分别在xx轴的负半轴和yy轴的正半轴上,点C(3,2)C\left(3,-2\right).

(1)(1)求点AA,点BB的坐标;
(2)(2)连接BCBC,在(1)的条件下,在平面直角坐标系中,点HH为平面内任一点(点HH不与点AA重合),若HBC\triangle HBC是等腰直角三角形,请直接写出点HH的坐标;
(3)(3)如图22,点FFxx轴的正半轴上,且OF=OBOF=OB,点PP在第一象限内,连接PFPF,过PPPMPFPM\bot PFyy轴于点MM,在PMPM上截取PN=PFPN=PF,连接POPOBNBN,过PPOPG=45\angle OPG=45^{\circ},交BNBN于点GG,求证:点GGBNBN的中点.
知识点:三角形章节:第13章 三角形 / 13.1 三角形的概念

答案与解析

答案

(1)(1)如图11AB=ACAB=ACBAC=90\angle BAC=90^{\circ},点AABB分别在xx轴的负半轴和yy轴的正半轴上,点C(3,2)C\left(3,-2\right).作CMxCM\bot x轴于MM

OM=3\therefore OM=3CM=2CM=2ABACAB\bot AC
BAC=AOB=CMA=90\therefore \angle BAC=\angle AOB=\angle CMA=90^{\circ}
BAO+CAM=90\therefore \angle BAO+\angle CAM=90^{\circ}CAM+ACM=90\angle CAM+\angle ACM=90^{\circ}
BAO=ACM\therefore \angle BAO=\angle ACM
BAO\triangle BAOACM\triangle ACM中,
{BAO=ACMAOB=CMAAB=CA\left\{\begin{array}{l}{∠BAO=∠ACM}\\{∠AOB=∠CMA}\\{AB=CA}\end{array}\right.
BAO\therefore \triangle BAOACM(AAS)\triangle ACM\left(AAS\right)
AO=CM=2\therefore AO=CM=2
OB=AM=AO+OM=2+3=5OB=AM=AO+OM=2+3=5
A(2,0)\therefore A\left(-2,0\right)B(0,5)B\left(0,5\right)
(2)(2)HH的坐标为(x,y)\left(x,y\right)
HBC\because \triangle HBC是等腰直角三角形,如图,H1H_{1}与点CC关于直线ABAB对称,

AA为线段CH1CH_{1}的中点,
A(2,0)\because A\left(-2,0\right)C(3,2)C\left(3,-2\right)
x+32=2y+(2)2=0\therefore \frac{x+3}{2}=-2,\frac{y+(-2)}{2}=0
x=7\therefore x=-7y=2y=2
H1(7,2)\therefore H_{1}(-7,2)
同理可求点H2(4,10)H_{2}(-4,-10)H4(7,8)H_{4}(7,8)H3(5,3)H_{3}(5,3)H5(10,1)H_{5}(10,1)
\thereforeHH的坐标为(7,2)\left(-7,2\right)(7,8)\left(7,8\right)(4,10)\left(-4,-10\right)(10,1)\left(10,1\right)(5,3)\left(5,3\right)
(3)(3)证明:过OOOKOPOK\bot OPPGPG的延长线于点KK,连接BKBK,如图33

OPK=45\because \angle OPK=45^{\circ}OKOPOK\bot OP
OK=OP\therefore OK=OP
KOB+BOP=BOP+FOP\because \angle KOB+\angle BOP=\angle BOP+\angle FOP
KOB=POF\therefore \angle KOB=\angle POF.
OB=OF\because OB=OF
KOB\triangle KOBPOF\triangle POF中,
{KO=OPKOB=POFOB=OF\left\{\begin{array}{c}KO=OP\\∠KOB=∠POF\\ OB=OF\end{array}\right.
KOB\triangle KOBPOF(SAS)\triangle POF\left(SAS\right)
KB=PF\therefore KB=PFOKB=OPF\angle OKB=\angle OPF.
PN=PF\because PN=PF
KB=PN\therefore KB=PN.
BKG=OKB45\because \angle BKG=\angle OKB-45^{\circ}NPG=45OPM=45(90OPF)=OPF45,KOB\angle NPG=45^{\circ}-\angle OPM=45^{\circ}-\left(90^{\circ}-\angle OPF\right)=\angle OPF-45,\triangle KOBPOF(SAS)\triangle POF\left(SAS\right)
BKG\therefore \triangle BKGNPG(AAS)\triangle NPG\left(AAS\right)
BG=GN\therefore BG=GN
\thereforeGGBNBN的中点.
BKG=NPG\therefore \angle BKG=\angle NPG
BKG\triangle BKGNPG\triangle NPG中,
{BKG=NPGBGK=NGPBK=NP\left\{\begin{array}{c}∠BKG=∠NPG\\∠BGK=∠NGP\\ BK=NP\end{array}\right.
BKG\therefore \triangle BKGNPG(AAS)\triangle NPG\left(AAS\right)
BG=GN\therefore BG=GN
\thereforeGGBNBN的中点.

解析

(1)(1)如图11AB=ACAB=ACBAC=90\angle BAC=90^{\circ},点AABB分别在xx轴的负半轴和yy轴的正半轴上,点C(3,2)C\left(3,-2\right).作CMxCM\bot x轴于MM

OM=3\therefore OM=3CM=2CM=2ABACAB\bot AC
BAC=AOB=CMA=90\therefore \angle BAC=\angle AOB=\angle CMA=90^{\circ}
BAO+CAM=90\therefore \angle BAO+\angle CAM=90^{\circ}CAM+ACM=90\angle CAM+\angle ACM=90^{\circ}
BAO=ACM\therefore \angle BAO=\angle ACM
BAO\triangle BAOACM\triangle ACM中,
{BAO=ACMAOB=CMAAB=CA\left\{\begin{array}{l}{∠BAO=∠ACM}\\{∠AOB=∠CMA}\\{AB=CA}\end{array}\right.
BAO\therefore \triangle BAOACM(AAS)\triangle ACM\left(AAS\right)
AO=CM=2\therefore AO=CM=2
OB=AM=AO+OM=2+3=5OB=AM=AO+OM=2+3=5
A(2,0)\therefore A\left(-2,0\right)B(0,5)B\left(0,5\right)
(2)(2)HH的坐标为(x,y)\left(x,y\right)
HBC\because \triangle HBC是等腰直角三角形,如图,H1H_{1}与点CC关于直线ABAB对称,

AA为线段CH1CH_{1}的中点,
A(2,0)\because A\left(-2,0\right)C(3,2)C\left(3,-2\right)
x+32=2y+(2)2=0\therefore \frac{x+3}{2}=-2,\frac{y+(-2)}{2}=0
x=7\therefore x=-7y=2y=2
H1(7,2)\therefore H_{1}(-7,2)
同理可求点H2(4,10)H_{2}(-4,-10)H4(7,8)H_{4}(7,8)H3(5,3)H_{3}(5,3)H5(10,1)H_{5}(10,1)
\thereforeHH的坐标为(7,2)\left(-7,2\right)(7,8)\left(7,8\right)(4,10)\left(-4,-10\right)(10,1)\left(10,1\right)(5,3)\left(5,3\right)
(3)(3)证明:过OOOKOPOK\bot OPPGPG的延长线于点KK,连接BKBK,如图33

OPK=45\because \angle OPK=45^{\circ}OKOPOK\bot OP
OK=OP\therefore OK=OP
KOB+BOP=BOP+FOP\because \angle KOB+\angle BOP=\angle BOP+\angle FOP
KOB=POF\therefore \angle KOB=\angle POF.
OB=OF\because OB=OF
KOB\triangle KOBPOF\triangle POF中,
{KO=OPKOB=POFOB=OF\left\{\begin{array}{c}KO=OP\\∠KOB=∠POF\\ OB=OF\end{array}\right.
KOB\triangle KOBPOF(SAS)\triangle POF\left(SAS\right)
KB=PF\therefore KB=PFOKB=OPF\angle OKB=\angle OPF.
PN=PF\because PN=PF
KB=PN\therefore KB=PN.
BKG=OKB45\because \angle BKG=\angle OKB-45^{\circ}NPG=45OPM=45(90OPF)=OPF45,KOB\angle NPG=45^{\circ}-\angle OPM=45^{\circ}-\left(90^{\circ}-\angle OPF\right)=\angle OPF-45,\triangle KOBPOF(SAS)\triangle POF\left(SAS\right)
BKG\therefore \triangle BKGNPG(AAS)\triangle NPG\left(AAS\right)
BG=GN\therefore BG=GN
\thereforeGGBNBN的中点.
BKG=NPG\therefore \angle BKG=\angle NPG
BKG\triangle BKGNPG\triangle NPG中,
{BKG=NPGBGK=NGPBK=NP\left\{\begin{array}{c}∠BKG=∠NPG\\∠BGK=∠NGP\\ BK=NP\end{array}\right.
BKG\therefore \triangle BKGNPG(AAS)\triangle NPG\left(AAS\right)
BG=GN\therefore BG=GN
\thereforeGGBNBN的中点.

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