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八年级数学解答题一般
题目
如图11,等边ABC\triangle ABC与等边DCP\triangle DCP的顶点BB,CC,PP三点在一条直线上,连接APAPBDBDEE点,连ECEC.

(1)(1)求证:AP=BDAP=BD
(2)(2)求证:ECEC平分BEP\angle BEP
(3)(3)BP=4CPBP=4CP,直接写出BEBEPEPE之间满足的数量关系.
知识点:三角形章节:第13章 三角形 / 13.1 三角形的概念

答案与解析

答案

(1)(1)证明:ABC\because \triangle ABCDCP\triangle DCP都是等边三角形,
AC=BC\therefore AC=BCCD=CPCD=CPACB=DCP=60\angle ACB=\angle DCP=60^{\circ}
ACB+ACD+DCP=180\because \angle ACB+\angle ACD+\angle DCP=180^{\circ}
ACD=60\therefore \angle ACD=60^{\circ}ACB+ACD=ACD+DCP\angle ACB+\angle ACD=\angle ACD+\angle DCP
BCD=ACP\angle BCD=\angle ACP
BCD\triangle BCDACP\triangle ACP中,
{BC=ACBCD=ACPCD=CP\left\{\begin{array}{l}BC=AC\\∠BCD=∠ACP\\ CD=CP\end{array}\right.
BCD\therefore \triangle BCDACP(SAS)\triangle ACP\left(SAS\right)
BD=AP\therefore BD=AP
(2)(2)证明:过点CCCWPACW\bot PAWWCRBDCR\bot BDRR,设BDBDACACOO,如图11

BCD\because \triangle BCDACP\triangle ACP
CBD=CAP\therefore \angle CBD=\angle CAP
CWAP\because CW\bot APCRBDCR\bot BD
BRC=AWC\therefore \angle BRC=\angle AWCAC=BCAC=BC
BCR\therefore \triangle BCRAWC(AAS)\triangle AWC\left(AAS\right)
CW=CR\therefore CW=CR
EC\therefore EC平分BEP\angle BEP
(3)(3)BE=3PEBE=3PE,理由如下:
EBEB上取一点LL,使得EL=EAEL=EA,连接ALAL,如图22

AOE=BOC\because \angle AOE=\angle BOC
AEO=BCO=60\therefore \angle AEO=\angle BCO=60^{\circ}
BEP=120\therefore \angle BEP=120^{\circ}
CE\because CE平分BEP\angle BEP
CEB=CEP=PED=60\therefore \angle CEB=\angle CEP=\angle PED=60^{\circ}
AE=EL\because AE=EL
AEL\therefore \triangle AEL是等边三角形,
同理(1)可证BAL\triangle BALCAE\triangle CAE
EC=BL\therefore EC=BL
AE=aAE=aDE=bDE=bCE=cCE=c
BE=EL+BL=AE+EC=a+c\therefore BE=EL+BL=AE+EC=a+c
同法可证EP=b+cEP=b+c
BP=4CP\because BP=4CP
BC=3CP\therefore BC=3CP
SBECSECP=12BECR12EPCW=BCCP=3\because \frac{{S}_{△BEC}}{{S}_{△ECP}}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}•BE•CR}{\frac{1}{2}EP•CW}=\frac{BC}{CP}=3
BE=3PE\therefore BE=3PE.

解析

(1)(1)证明:ABC\because \triangle ABCDCP\triangle DCP都是等边三角形,
AC=BC\therefore AC=BCCD=CPCD=CPACB=DCP=60\angle ACB=\angle DCP=60^{\circ}
ACB+ACD+DCP=180\because \angle ACB+\angle ACD+\angle DCP=180^{\circ}
ACD=60\therefore \angle ACD=60^{\circ}ACB+ACD=ACD+DCP\angle ACB+\angle ACD=\angle ACD+\angle DCP
BCD=ACP\angle BCD=\angle ACP
BCD\triangle BCDACP\triangle ACP中,
{BC=ACBCD=ACPCD=CP\left\{\begin{array}{l}BC=AC\\∠BCD=∠ACP\\ CD=CP\end{array}\right.
BCD\therefore \triangle BCDACP(SAS)\triangle ACP\left(SAS\right)
BD=AP\therefore BD=AP
(2)(2)证明:过点CCCWPACW\bot PAWWCRBDCR\bot BDRR,设BDBDACACOO,如图11

BCD\because \triangle BCDACP\triangle ACP
CBD=CAP\therefore \angle CBD=\angle CAP
CWAP\because CW\bot APCRBDCR\bot BD
BRC=AWC\therefore \angle BRC=\angle AWCAC=BCAC=BC
BCR\therefore \triangle BCRAWC(AAS)\triangle AWC\left(AAS\right)
CW=CR\therefore CW=CR
EC\therefore EC平分BEP\angle BEP
(3)(3)BE=3PEBE=3PE,理由如下:
EBEB上取一点LL,使得EL=EAEL=EA,连接ALAL,如图22

AOE=BOC\because \angle AOE=\angle BOC
AEO=BCO=60\therefore \angle AEO=\angle BCO=60^{\circ}
BEP=120\therefore \angle BEP=120^{\circ}
CE\because CE平分BEP\angle BEP
CEB=CEP=PED=60\therefore \angle CEB=\angle CEP=\angle PED=60^{\circ}
AE=EL\because AE=EL
AEL\therefore \triangle AEL是等边三角形,
同理(1)可证BAL\triangle BALCAE\triangle CAE
EC=BL\therefore EC=BL
AE=aAE=aDE=bDE=bCE=cCE=c
BE=EL+BL=AE+EC=a+c\therefore BE=EL+BL=AE+EC=a+c
同法可证EP=b+cEP=b+c
BP=4CP\because BP=4CP
BC=3CP\therefore BC=3CP
SBECSECP=12BECR12EPCW=BCCP=3\because \frac{{S}_{△BEC}}{{S}_{△ECP}}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}•BE•CR}{\frac{1}{2}EP•CW}=\frac{BC}{CP}=3
BE=3PE\therefore BE=3PE.

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