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八年级数学解答题一般
题目

如图11,已知正方形ABCDABCD,把一个直角与正方形叠合,使直角顶点与一重合,当直角的一边与BCBC相交于EE点,另一边与CDCD的延长线相交于FF点时.

(1)证明:BE=DFBE=DF

(2)如图22,作EAF\angle EAF的平分线交CDCDGG点,连接EGEG.证明:BE+DG=EGBE+DG=EG

(3)如图33,将图11中的"直角"改为"EAF=45\angle EAF=45^{\circ}",当EAF\angle EAF的一边与BCBC的延长线相交于EE点,另一边与CDCD的延长线相交于FF点,连接EFEF.线段BEBE,DFDFEFEF之间有怎样的数量关系?并加以证明.

知识点:三角形、四边形章节:第13章 三角形 / 13.1 三角形的概念

答案与解析

答案

(1)证明:\because四边形ABCDABCD为正方形,

AB=AD\therefore AB=ADBAD=B=ADC=90\angle BAD=\angle B=\angle ADC=90^{\circ}

EAF=90\because \angle EAF=90^{\circ},即EAD+FAD=90\angle EAD+\angle FAD=90^{\circ}

EAD+BAE=90\angle EAD+\angle BAE=90^{\circ}

BAE=DAF\therefore \angle BAE=\angle DAF

ABE\triangle ABEADF\triangle ADF中,

{BAE=DAFAB=ADABE=ADF\left\{\begin{array}{}\angle BAE=\angle DAF \\ AB=AD \\ \angle ABE=\angle ADF\end{array}\right.

ABE\therefore \triangle ABEADF(ASA)\triangle ADF\left(ASA\right)

BE=DF\therefore BE=DF

(2)证明:ABE\because \triangle ABEADF\triangle ADF

AE=AF\therefore AE=AF

EAF\because \angle EAF的平分线交CDCDGG点,

EAG=FAG\therefore \angle EAG=\angle FAG

AEG\triangle AEGFAG\triangle FAG

{AE=AFEAG=FAGAG=AG\left\{\begin{array}{}AE=AF \\ \angle EAG=\angle FAG \\ AG=AG\end{array}\right.

AEG\therefore \triangle AEGFAG(SAS),\triangle FAG\left(SAS\right),

GE=GF\therefore GE=GF

GF=DG+DF\because GF=DG+DF

BE=DFBE=DF

BE+DG=EG\therefore BE+DG=EG

(3)BE=DF+EFBE=DF+EF.理由如下:

AGAFAG\bot AFBCBCGG点,如图33

与(1)一样可证明ABG\triangle ABGADF\triangle ADF

BG=DF\therefore BG=DFAG=AFAG=AF

EAF=45\because \angle EAF=45^{\circ}

EAG=90EAF=45\therefore \angle EAG=90^{\circ}-\angle EAF=45^{\circ}

与(2)一样可证明AEG\triangle AEGAEF\triangle AEF

EF=EG\therefore EF=EG

BE=BG+GE\because BE=BG+GE

BE=DF+EF\therefore BE=DF+EF.

解析

(1)证明:\because四边形ABCDABCD为正方形,

AB=AD\therefore AB=ADBAD=B=ADC=90\angle BAD=\angle B=\angle ADC=90^{\circ}

EAF=90\because \angle EAF=90^{\circ},即EAD+FAD=90\angle EAD+\angle FAD=90^{\circ}

EAD+BAE=90\angle EAD+\angle BAE=90^{\circ}

BAE=DAF\therefore \angle BAE=\angle DAF

ABE\triangle ABEADF\triangle ADF中,

{BAE=DAFAB=ADABE=ADF\left\{\begin{array}{}\angle BAE=\angle DAF \\ AB=AD \\ \angle ABE=\angle ADF\end{array}\right.

ABE\therefore \triangle ABEADF(ASA)\triangle ADF\left(ASA\right)

BE=DF\therefore BE=DF

(2)证明:ABE\because \triangle ABEADF\triangle ADF

AE=AF\therefore AE=AF

EAF\because \angle EAF的平分线交CDCDGG点,

EAG=FAG\therefore \angle EAG=\angle FAG

AEG\triangle AEGFAG\triangle FAG

{AE=AFEAG=FAGAG=AG\left\{\begin{array}{}AE=AF \\ \angle EAG=\angle FAG \\ AG=AG\end{array}\right.

AEG\therefore \triangle AEGFAG(SAS),\triangle FAG\left(SAS\right),

GE=GF\therefore GE=GF

GF=DG+DF\because GF=DG+DF

BE=DFBE=DF

BE+DG=EG\therefore BE+DG=EG

(3)BE=DF+EFBE=DF+EF.理由如下:

AGAFAG\bot AFBCBCGG点,如图33

与(1)一样可证明ABG\triangle ABGADF\triangle ADF

BG=DF\therefore BG=DFAG=AFAG=AF

EAF=45\because \angle EAF=45^{\circ}

EAG=90EAF=45\therefore \angle EAG=90^{\circ}-\angle EAF=45^{\circ}

与(2)一样可证明AEG\triangle AEGAEF\triangle AEF

EF=EG\therefore EF=EG

BE=BG+GE\because BE=BG+GE

BE=DF+EF\therefore BE=DF+EF.

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