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八年级数学解答题一般
题目
下面是证明等腰三角形性质定理"三线合一"的三种方法,选择其中一种完成证明.
等腰三角形性质定理:等腰三角形顶角的平分线、底边上的中线、底边上的高互相
重合(简记为:三线合一)
方法一:
已知:如图,ABC\triangle ABC中,AB=ACAB=AC,ADAD平分BAC\angle BAC.
求证:BD=CDBD=CD,ADBCAD\bot BC.
方法二:
已知:如图,ABC\triangle ABC中,AB=ACAB=AC,点DDBCBC中点.
求证:BAD=CAD\angle BAD=\angle CAD,ADBCAD\bot BC.
方法三:
已知:如图,ABC\triangle ABC中,AB=ACAB=AC,ADBCAD\bot BC.
求证:BD=CDBD=CD,BAD=CAD\angle BAD=\angle CAD.
知识点:等腰三角形的性质、全等三角形的判定与性质章节:第13章 三角形 / 13.1 三角形的概念

答案与解析

答案

方法一:
证明:AD\because AD平分BAC\angle BAC
BAD=CAD\therefore \angle BAD=\angle CAD
ABD\triangle ABDACD\triangle ACD中,
{AB=ACABD=ACDAD=AD\left\{\begin{array}{l}{AB=AC}\\{∠ABD=∠ACD}\\{AD=AD}\end{array}\right.
ABD\therefore \triangle ABDACD(SAS)\triangle ACD\left(SAS\right)
BD=CD\therefore BD=CDADB=ADC=12×180=90\angle ADB=\angle ADC=\frac{1}{2}\times 180^{\circ}=90^{\circ}
ADBC\therefore AD\bot BC.
方法二:
证明:\becauseDDBCBC的中点,
BD=CD\therefore BD=CD
ABD\triangle ABDACD\triangle ACD中,
{AB=ACBD=CDAD=AD\left\{\begin{array}{l}{AB=AC}\\{BD=CD}\\{AD=AD}\end{array}\right.
ABD\therefore \triangle ABDACD(SSS)\triangle ACD\left(SSS\right)
BAD=CAD\therefore \angle BAD=\angle CADADB=ADC=12×180=90\angle ADB=\angle ADC=\frac{1}{2}\times 180^{\circ}=90^{\circ}
ADBC\therefore AD\bot BC.
方法三:
证明:ADBC\because AD\bot BC
ADB=ADC=90\therefore \angle ADB=\angle ADC=90^{\circ}
RtABDRt\triangle ABDRtACDRt\triangle ACD中,
{AB=ACAD=AD\left\{\begin{array}{l}{AB=AC}\\{AD=AD}\end{array}\right.
RtABD\therefore Rt\triangle ABDRtACD(HL)Rt\triangle ACD\left(HL\right)
BD=CD\therefore BD=CDBAD=CAD\angle BAD=\angle CAD.

解析

方法一:
证明:AD\because AD平分BAC\angle BAC
BAD=CAD\therefore \angle BAD=\angle CAD
ABD\triangle ABDACD\triangle ACD中,
{AB=ACABD=ACDAD=AD\left\{\begin{array}{l}{AB=AC}\\{∠ABD=∠ACD}\\{AD=AD}\end{array}\right.
ABD\therefore \triangle ABDACD(SAS)\triangle ACD\left(SAS\right)
BD=CD\therefore BD=CDADB=ADC=12×180=90\angle ADB=\angle ADC=\frac{1}{2}\times 180^{\circ}=90^{\circ}
ADBC\therefore AD\bot BC.
方法二:
证明:\becauseDDBCBC的中点,
BD=CD\therefore BD=CD
ABD\triangle ABDACD\triangle ACD中,
{AB=ACBD=CDAD=AD\left\{\begin{array}{l}{AB=AC}\\{BD=CD}\\{AD=AD}\end{array}\right.
ABD\therefore \triangle ABDACD(SSS)\triangle ACD\left(SSS\right)
BAD=CAD\therefore \angle BAD=\angle CADADB=ADC=12×180=90\angle ADB=\angle ADC=\frac{1}{2}\times 180^{\circ}=90^{\circ}
ADBC\therefore AD\bot BC.
方法三:
证明:ADBC\because AD\bot BC
ADB=ADC=90\therefore \angle ADB=\angle ADC=90^{\circ}
RtABDRt\triangle ABDRtACDRt\triangle ACD中,
{AB=ACAD=AD\left\{\begin{array}{l}{AB=AC}\\{AD=AD}\end{array}\right.
RtABD\therefore Rt\triangle ABDRtACD(HL)Rt\triangle ACD\left(HL\right)
BD=CD\therefore BD=CDBAD=CAD\angle BAD=\angle CAD.

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