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八年级数学解答题一般
题目
已知在OAB\triangle OAB中,OAB=90\angle OAB=90^{\circ},AO=ABAO=AB,OB=4OB=4,过点OO作直线lOBl\bot OB,点PP为直线OAOA上一点,连接BPBP,作PDPBPD\bot PB交直线ll于点DD.

(1)(1)如图,当PP在线段OAOA上时.
①设ABP=α\angle ABP=\alpha,那么PDO=______.(\angle PDO= \_\_\_\_\_\_.(用含α\alpha的代数式表示).
②求证:PD=PBPD=PB
(2)(2)设点PP到直线OBOB的距离为mm,当OPD\triangle OPD的面积为44时,请直接写出mm的值.
知识点:点的坐标、待定系数法求正比例函数解析式、一次函数图象与系数的关系、待定系数法求一次函数解析式、待定系数法求二次函数的解析式、两点间的距离、等腰三角形的性质、直角三角形的性质、三角形的面积章节:第4章 一次函数 / 4.4 一次函数的应用

答案与解析

答案

(1)(1)OAB=90\because \angle OAB=90^{\circ}AO=ABAO=AB
AOB=B=45\therefore \angle AOB=\angle B=45^{\circ}
PDPB\because PD\bot PB
OPD=90APB=ABP=α\therefore \angle OPD=90^{\circ}-\angle APB=\angle ABP=\alpha
lOB\because l\bot OB
PDO=180DOPOPD=1809045α=(45α)\therefore \angle PDO=180^{\circ}-\angle DOP-\angle OPD=180^{\circ}-90^{\circ}-45^{\circ}-\alpha =\left(45^{\circ}-\alpha \right)
故答案为:(45α)\left(45^{\circ}-\alpha \right)
②证明:在ABAB上取点RR,使AR=APAR=AP,联结PRPR,如图11

APR=ARP=45\therefore \angle APR=\angle ARP=45^{\circ}
BRP=135\therefore \angle BRP=135^{\circ}
DOP=DOB+AOB=135\because \angle DOP=\angle DOB+\angle AOB=135^{\circ}
BRP=DOP\therefore \angle BRP=\angle DOP
AO=AB\because AO=ABAR=APAR=AP
OP=BR\therefore OP=BR
由①知:OPD=ABP\angle OPD=\angle ABP
OPD\triangle OPDRBP\triangle RBP中,
{DOP=BRPOPD=ABPOP=BR\left\{\begin{array}{l}{∠DOP=∠BRP}\\{∠OPD=∠ABP}\\{OP=BR}\end{array}\right.
OPD\therefore \triangle OPDRBP(ASA)\triangle RBP\left(ASA\right)
PD=PB\therefore PD=PB
(2)(2)PP在线段OAOA上,过PPPQOBPQ\bot OBQQ,如图22

PAQ=45\because \angle PAQ=45^{\circ}
OPQ=45=POQ\therefore \angle OPQ=45^{\circ}=\angle POQ
OQ=PQ=m\therefore OQ=PQ=m
OP=2m\therefore OP=\sqrt{2}m
OAB=90\because \angle OAB=90^{\circ}AO=ABAO=ABOB=4OB=4
AO=22OB=22\therefore AO=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}OB=2\sqrt{2}
AP=AR=222m\therefore AP=AR=2\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}m
PR=42m\therefore PR=4-2m
由(1)知:OPD\triangle OPDRBP\triangle RBP
OPD\because \triangle OPD的面积为44
SRBP=12PRPQ=4\therefore {S}_{△RBP}=\frac{1}{2}PR•PQ=4,即12(42m)m=4\frac{1}{2}(4-2m)•m=4
m22m+4=0\therefore m^{2}-2m+4=0
Δ=(2)24×4=12<0\therefore \Delta =\left(-2\right)^{2}-4\times 4=-12 \lt 0
\therefore方程无解,
\therefore在线段OAOA上,不存在点PP,使OPD\triangle OPD的面积为44
PP在点AA的右侧,过PPPQPQQQ,在BABA的延长线上取点RR,使AR=APAR=AP,联结PRPR,如图33

R=APR=45\therefore \angle R=\angle APR=45^{\circ}
AOD=9045=45\because \angle AOD=90^{\circ}-45^{\circ}=45^{\circ}
DOP=R\therefore \angle DOP=\angle R
AO=AB\because AO=ABAR=APAR=AP
OP=BR\therefore OP=BR
DPO=ABP=90APB\because \angle DPO=\angle ABP=90^{\circ}-\angle APB
OPD\triangle OPDRBP\triangle RBP中,
{DPO=PBROP=BRDOP=R\left\{\begin{array}{l}{∠DPO=∠PBR}\\{OP=BR}\\{∠DOP=∠R}\end{array}\right.
OPD\therefore \triangle OPDRBP(ASA)\triangle RBP\left(ASA\right)
SRBP=SODP=4\therefore S_{\triangle RBP}=S_{\triangle ODP}=4
同理可求AP=AR=OPAO=2m22AP=AR=OP-AO=\sqrt{2}m-2\sqrt{2}
PQ=2m4\therefore PQ=2m-4
12(2m4)m=4\therefore \frac{1}{2}(2m-4)•m=4
解得m1=1+5{m}_{1}=1+\sqrt{5}m2=15({m}_{2}=1-\sqrt{5}(舍去),
PP在点OO的左侧,过PPPQPQQQ,在ABAB的延长线上取点RR,使AR=APAR=AP,联结PRPR,如图44

同理可证OPD\triangle OPDRBP\triangle RBP
SRBP=SODP=4\therefore S_{\triangle RBP}=S_{\triangle ODP}=4
同理可求AP=AR=OP+AO=2m+22AP=AR=OP+AO=\sqrt{2}m+2\sqrt{2}
PQ=2m+4\therefore PQ=2m+4
12(2m+4)m=4\therefore \frac{1}{2}(2m+4)•m=4
解得m1=1+5{m}_{1}=-1+\sqrt{5}m2=15({m}_{2}=-1-\sqrt{5}(舍去),
综上,当mm的值为1+51+\sqrt{5}1+5-1+\sqrt{5}时,OPD\triangle OPD的面积为44.

解析

(1)(1)OAB=90\because \angle OAB=90^{\circ}AO=ABAO=AB
AOB=B=45\therefore \angle AOB=\angle B=45^{\circ}
PDPB\because PD\bot PB
OPD=90APB=ABP=α\therefore \angle OPD=90^{\circ}-\angle APB=\angle ABP=\alpha
lOB\because l\bot OB
PDO=180DOPOPD=1809045α=(45α)\therefore \angle PDO=180^{\circ}-\angle DOP-\angle OPD=180^{\circ}-90^{\circ}-45^{\circ}-\alpha =\left(45^{\circ}-\alpha \right)
故答案为:(45α)\left(45^{\circ}-\alpha \right)
②证明:在ABAB上取点RR,使AR=APAR=AP,联结PRPR,如图11

APR=ARP=45\therefore \angle APR=\angle ARP=45^{\circ}
BRP=135\therefore \angle BRP=135^{\circ}
DOP=DOB+AOB=135\because \angle DOP=\angle DOB+\angle AOB=135^{\circ}
BRP=DOP\therefore \angle BRP=\angle DOP
AO=AB\because AO=ABAR=APAR=AP
OP=BR\therefore OP=BR
由①知:OPD=ABP\angle OPD=\angle ABP
OPD\triangle OPDRBP\triangle RBP中,
{DOP=BRPOPD=ABPOP=BR\left\{\begin{array}{l}{∠DOP=∠BRP}\\{∠OPD=∠ABP}\\{OP=BR}\end{array}\right.
OPD\therefore \triangle OPDRBP(ASA)\triangle RBP\left(ASA\right)
PD=PB\therefore PD=PB
(2)(2)PP在线段OAOA上,过PPPQOBPQ\bot OBQQ,如图22

PAQ=45\because \angle PAQ=45^{\circ}
OPQ=45=POQ\therefore \angle OPQ=45^{\circ}=\angle POQ
OQ=PQ=m\therefore OQ=PQ=m
OP=2m\therefore OP=\sqrt{2}m
OAB=90\because \angle OAB=90^{\circ}AO=ABAO=ABOB=4OB=4
AO=22OB=22\therefore AO=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}OB=2\sqrt{2}
AP=AR=222m\therefore AP=AR=2\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}m
PR=42m\therefore PR=4-2m
由(1)知:OPD\triangle OPDRBP\triangle RBP
OPD\because \triangle OPD的面积为44
SRBP=12PRPQ=4\therefore {S}_{△RBP}=\frac{1}{2}PR•PQ=4,即12(42m)m=4\frac{1}{2}(4-2m)•m=4
m22m+4=0\therefore m^{2}-2m+4=0
Δ=(2)24×4=12<0\therefore \Delta =\left(-2\right)^{2}-4\times 4=-12 \lt 0
\therefore方程无解,
\therefore在线段OAOA上,不存在点PP,使OPD\triangle OPD的面积为44
PP在点AA的右侧,过PPPQPQQQ,在BABA的延长线上取点RR,使AR=APAR=AP,联结PRPR,如图33

R=APR=45\therefore \angle R=\angle APR=45^{\circ}
AOD=9045=45\because \angle AOD=90^{\circ}-45^{\circ}=45^{\circ}
DOP=R\therefore \angle DOP=\angle R
AO=AB\because AO=ABAR=APAR=AP
OP=BR\therefore OP=BR
DPO=ABP=90APB\because \angle DPO=\angle ABP=90^{\circ}-\angle APB
OPD\triangle OPDRBP\triangle RBP中,
{DPO=PBROP=BRDOP=R\left\{\begin{array}{l}{∠DPO=∠PBR}\\{OP=BR}\\{∠DOP=∠R}\end{array}\right.
OPD\therefore \triangle OPDRBP(ASA)\triangle RBP\left(ASA\right)
SRBP=SODP=4\therefore S_{\triangle RBP}=S_{\triangle ODP}=4
同理可求AP=AR=OPAO=2m22AP=AR=OP-AO=\sqrt{2}m-2\sqrt{2}
PQ=2m4\therefore PQ=2m-4
12(2m4)m=4\therefore \frac{1}{2}(2m-4)•m=4
解得m1=1+5{m}_{1}=1+\sqrt{5}m2=15({m}_{2}=1-\sqrt{5}(舍去),
PP在点OO的左侧,过PPPQPQQQ,在ABAB的延长线上取点RR,使AR=APAR=AP,联结PRPR,如图44

同理可证OPD\triangle OPDRBP\triangle RBP
SRBP=SODP=4\therefore S_{\triangle RBP}=S_{\triangle ODP}=4
同理可求AP=AR=OP+AO=2m+22AP=AR=OP+AO=\sqrt{2}m+2\sqrt{2}
PQ=2m+4\therefore PQ=2m+4
12(2m+4)m=4\therefore \frac{1}{2}(2m+4)•m=4
解得m1=1+5{m}_{1}=-1+\sqrt{5}m2=15({m}_{2}=-1-\sqrt{5}(舍去),
综上,当mm的值为1+51+\sqrt{5}1+5-1+\sqrt{5}时,OPD\triangle OPD的面积为44.

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