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九年级数学解答题一般
题目
如图,抛物线y=x2+bx+cy=-x^{2}+bx+cxx轴交于点A(3,0)A\left(-3,0\right)和点BB,与yy轴交于点C(0,3)C\left(0,3\right),点DD在抛物线上.
(1)(1)求该抛物线的解析式;
(2)(2)当点DD在第二象限内,且ACD\triangle ACD的面积为33时,求点DD的坐标;
(3)(3)在直线BCBC上是否存在点PP,使OPD\triangle OPD是以PDPD为斜边的等腰直角三角形?若存在,请直接写出点PP的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.
知识点:二次函数的应用章节:第22章 二次函数 / 22.3 实际问题与二次函数

答案与解析

答案

(1)把A(3,0)A\left(-3,0\right)C(0,3)C\left(0,3\right)代入y=x2+bx+cy=-x^{2}+bx+c得:
{93b+c=0c=3\left\{\begin{array}{l}{-9-3b+c=0}\\{c=3}\end{array}\right.
解得{b=2c=3\left\{\begin{array}{l}{b=-2}\\{c=3}\end{array}\right.
\therefore抛物线的解析式为y=x22x+3y=-x^{2}-2x+3
(2)(2)DDDKDKyy轴交ACACKK,如图:

A(3,0)A\left(-3,0\right)C(0,3)C\left(0,3\right)得直线ACAC解析式为y=x+3y=x+3
D(tD(tt22t+3)-t^{2}-2t+3),则K(t,t+3)K\left(t,t+3\right)
DK=t22t+3(t+3)=t23t\therefore DK=-t^{2}-2t+3-\left(t+3\right)=-t^{2}-3t
ACD\because \triangle ACD的面积为33
12DKxAxC=3\therefore \frac{1}{2}DK\cdot |x_{A}-x_{C}|=3,即12(t23t)×3=3\frac{1}{2}(-t^{2}-3t)\times 3=3
解得t=1t=-1t=2t=-2
D\therefore D的坐标为(1,4)\left(-1,4\right)(2,3)\left(-2,3\right)
(3)(3)在直线BCBC上存在点PP,使OPD\triangle OPD是以PDPD为斜边的等腰直角三角形,理由如下:
y=x22x+3y=-x^{2}-2x+3中,令y=0y=00=x22x+30=-x^{2}-2x+3
解得x=3x=-3x=1x=1
A(3,0)\therefore A\left(-3,0\right)B(1,0)B\left(1,0\right)
B(1,0)B\left(1,0\right)C(0,3)C\left(0,3\right)得直线BCBC解析式为y=3x+3y=-3x+3
P(m,3m+3)P\left(m,-3m+3\right)D(nD(nn22n+3)-n^{2}-2n+3)
PPPNyPN\bot y轴于NN,过DDDMyDM\bot y轴于MM
OA=OC=3\because OA=OC=3
\thereforePPCC重合,DDAA重合时,OPD\triangle OPD是等腰直角三角形,如图:

此时P(0,3)P\left(0,3\right)
②当PP在第一象限,DD在第四象限时,

OPD\because \triangle OPD是以PDPD为斜边的等腰直角三角形,
OD=OP\therefore OD=OPPOD=90\angle POD=90^{\circ}
DOM=90PON=OPN\therefore \angle DOM=90^{\circ}-\angle PON=\angle OPN
DMO=90=PNO\because \angle DMO=90^{\circ}=\angle PNO
DOM\therefore \triangle DOMOPN(AAS)\triangle OPN\left(AAS\right)
DM=ON\therefore DM=ONOM=PNOM=PN
{n=3m+3n2+2n3=m\therefore \left\{\begin{array}{l}{n=-3m+3}\\{{n}^{2}+2n-3=m}\end{array}\right.
解得{m=25+19318n=71936(n\left\{\begin{array}{l}{m=\frac{25+\sqrt{193}}{18}}\\{n=\frac{-7-\sqrt{193}}{6}}\end{array}\right.(n小于00,舍去)或{m=2519318n=7+1936\left\{\begin{array}{l}{m=\frac{25-\sqrt{193}}{18}}\\{n=\frac{-7+\sqrt{193}}{6}}\end{array}\right.
3m+3=3×2519318+3=7+1936\therefore -3m+3=-3\times \frac{25-\sqrt{193}}{18}+3=\frac{-7+\sqrt{193}}{6}
P\therefore P的坐标为(2519318\frac{25-\sqrt{193}}{18}7+1936)\frac{-7+\sqrt{193}}{6})
③当PP在第四象限,DD在第三象限时,如图:

OPD\because \triangle OPD是以PDPD为斜边的等腰直角三角形,
OD=OP\therefore OD=OPPOD=90\angle POD=90^{\circ}
DOM=90PON=OPN\therefore \angle DOM=90^{\circ}-\angle PON=\angle OPN
DMO=90=PNO\because \angle DMO=90^{\circ}=\angle PNO
DOM\therefore \triangle DOMOPN(AAS)\triangle OPN\left(AAS\right)
PN=OM\therefore PN=OMON=DMON=DM
同理可得{m=n2+2n33m3=n\left\{\begin{array}{l}{m={n}^{2}+2n-3}\\{3m-3=-n}\end{array}\right.
解得{m=25+19318n=71936\left\{\begin{array}{l}{m=\frac{25+\sqrt{193}}{18}}\\{n=\frac{-7-\sqrt{193}}{6}}\end{array}\right.{m=2519318n=7+1936(\left\{\begin{array}{l}{m=\frac{25-\sqrt{193}}{18}}\\{n=\frac{-7+\sqrt{193}}{6}}\end{array}\right.(大于00,舍去),
3m+3=3×25+19318+3=71936\therefore -3m+3=-3\times \frac{25+\sqrt{193}}{18}+3=\frac{-7-\sqrt{193}}{6}
P\therefore P的坐标为(25+19318\frac{25+\sqrt{193}}{18}71936)\frac{-7-\sqrt{193}}{6})
④当PP在第四象限,DD在第一象限,如图:

OPD\because \triangle OPD是以PDPD为斜边的等腰直角三角形,
OD=OP\therefore OD=OPPOD=90\angle POD=90^{\circ}
DOM=90PON=OPN\therefore \angle DOM=90^{\circ}-\angle PON=\angle OPN
DMO=90=PNO\because \angle DMO=90^{\circ}=\angle PNO
DOM\therefore \triangle DOMOPN(AAS)\triangle OPN\left(AAS\right)
PN=OM\therefore PN=OMON=DMON=DM
{m=n22n+33m3=n\therefore \left\{\begin{array}{l}{m={-n}^{2}-2n+3}\\{3m-3=n}\end{array}\right.
解得{m=0n=3\left\{\begin{array}{l}{m=0}\\{n=-3}\end{array}\right.(舍去)或{m=119n=23\left\{\begin{array}{l}{m=\frac{11}{9}}\\{n=\frac{2}{3}}\end{array}\right.
3m+3=3×119+3=23\therefore -3m+3=-3\times \frac{11}{9}+3=-\frac{2}{3}
P\therefore P的坐标为(119\frac{11}{9}23)-\frac{2}{3})
综上所述,PP的坐标为(0,3)\left(0,3\right)或(2519318\frac{25-\sqrt{193}}{18}7+1936\frac{-7+\sqrt{193}}{6})或(25+19318\frac{25+\sqrt{193}}{18}71936\frac{-7-\sqrt{193}}{6})或(119\frac{11}{9}23)-\frac{2}{3}).

解析

(1)把A(3,0)A\left(-3,0\right)C(0,3)C\left(0,3\right)代入y=x2+bx+cy=-x^{2}+bx+c得:
{93b+c=0c=3\left\{\begin{array}{l}{-9-3b+c=0}\\{c=3}\end{array}\right.
解得{b=2c=3\left\{\begin{array}{l}{b=-2}\\{c=3}\end{array}\right.
\therefore抛物线的解析式为y=x22x+3y=-x^{2}-2x+3
(2)(2)DDDKDKyy轴交ACACKK,如图:

A(3,0)A\left(-3,0\right)C(0,3)C\left(0,3\right)得直线ACAC解析式为y=x+3y=x+3
D(tD(tt22t+3)-t^{2}-2t+3),则K(t,t+3)K\left(t,t+3\right)
DK=t22t+3(t+3)=t23t\therefore DK=-t^{2}-2t+3-\left(t+3\right)=-t^{2}-3t
ACD\because \triangle ACD的面积为33
12DKxAxC=3\therefore \frac{1}{2}DK\cdot |x_{A}-x_{C}|=3,即12(t23t)×3=3\frac{1}{2}(-t^{2}-3t)\times 3=3
解得t=1t=-1t=2t=-2
D\therefore D的坐标为(1,4)\left(-1,4\right)(2,3)\left(-2,3\right)
(3)(3)在直线BCBC上存在点PP,使OPD\triangle OPD是以PDPD为斜边的等腰直角三角形,理由如下:
y=x22x+3y=-x^{2}-2x+3中,令y=0y=00=x22x+30=-x^{2}-2x+3
解得x=3x=-3x=1x=1
A(3,0)\therefore A\left(-3,0\right)B(1,0)B\left(1,0\right)
B(1,0)B\left(1,0\right)C(0,3)C\left(0,3\right)得直线BCBC解析式为y=3x+3y=-3x+3
P(m,3m+3)P\left(m,-3m+3\right)D(nD(nn22n+3)-n^{2}-2n+3)
PPPNyPN\bot y轴于NN,过DDDMyDM\bot y轴于MM
OA=OC=3\because OA=OC=3
\thereforePPCC重合,DDAA重合时,OPD\triangle OPD是等腰直角三角形,如图:

此时P(0,3)P\left(0,3\right)
②当PP在第一象限,DD在第四象限时,

OPD\because \triangle OPD是以PDPD为斜边的等腰直角三角形,
OD=OP\therefore OD=OPPOD=90\angle POD=90^{\circ}
DOM=90PON=OPN\therefore \angle DOM=90^{\circ}-\angle PON=\angle OPN
DMO=90=PNO\because \angle DMO=90^{\circ}=\angle PNO
DOM\therefore \triangle DOMOPN(AAS)\triangle OPN\left(AAS\right)
DM=ON\therefore DM=ONOM=PNOM=PN
{n=3m+3n2+2n3=m\therefore \left\{\begin{array}{l}{n=-3m+3}\\{{n}^{2}+2n-3=m}\end{array}\right.
解得{m=25+19318n=71936(n\left\{\begin{array}{l}{m=\frac{25+\sqrt{193}}{18}}\\{n=\frac{-7-\sqrt{193}}{6}}\end{array}\right.(n小于00,舍去)或{m=2519318n=7+1936\left\{\begin{array}{l}{m=\frac{25-\sqrt{193}}{18}}\\{n=\frac{-7+\sqrt{193}}{6}}\end{array}\right.
3m+3=3×2519318+3=7+1936\therefore -3m+3=-3\times \frac{25-\sqrt{193}}{18}+3=\frac{-7+\sqrt{193}}{6}
P\therefore P的坐标为(2519318\frac{25-\sqrt{193}}{18}7+1936)\frac{-7+\sqrt{193}}{6})
③当PP在第四象限,DD在第三象限时,如图:

OPD\because \triangle OPD是以PDPD为斜边的等腰直角三角形,
OD=OP\therefore OD=OPPOD=90\angle POD=90^{\circ}
DOM=90PON=OPN\therefore \angle DOM=90^{\circ}-\angle PON=\angle OPN
DMO=90=PNO\because \angle DMO=90^{\circ}=\angle PNO
DOM\therefore \triangle DOMOPN(AAS)\triangle OPN\left(AAS\right)
PN=OM\therefore PN=OMON=DMON=DM
同理可得{m=n2+2n33m3=n\left\{\begin{array}{l}{m={n}^{2}+2n-3}\\{3m-3=-n}\end{array}\right.
解得{m=25+19318n=71936\left\{\begin{array}{l}{m=\frac{25+\sqrt{193}}{18}}\\{n=\frac{-7-\sqrt{193}}{6}}\end{array}\right.{m=2519318n=7+1936(\left\{\begin{array}{l}{m=\frac{25-\sqrt{193}}{18}}\\{n=\frac{-7+\sqrt{193}}{6}}\end{array}\right.(大于00,舍去),
3m+3=3×25+19318+3=71936\therefore -3m+3=-3\times \frac{25+\sqrt{193}}{18}+3=\frac{-7-\sqrt{193}}{6}
P\therefore P的坐标为(25+19318\frac{25+\sqrt{193}}{18}71936)\frac{-7-\sqrt{193}}{6})
④当PP在第四象限,DD在第一象限,如图:

OPD\because \triangle OPD是以PDPD为斜边的等腰直角三角形,
OD=OP\therefore OD=OPPOD=90\angle POD=90^{\circ}
DOM=90PON=OPN\therefore \angle DOM=90^{\circ}-\angle PON=\angle OPN
DMO=90=PNO\because \angle DMO=90^{\circ}=\angle PNO
DOM\therefore \triangle DOMOPN(AAS)\triangle OPN\left(AAS\right)
PN=OM\therefore PN=OMON=DMON=DM
{m=n22n+33m3=n\therefore \left\{\begin{array}{l}{m={-n}^{2}-2n+3}\\{3m-3=n}\end{array}\right.
解得{m=0n=3\left\{\begin{array}{l}{m=0}\\{n=-3}\end{array}\right.(舍去)或{m=119n=23\left\{\begin{array}{l}{m=\frac{11}{9}}\\{n=\frac{2}{3}}\end{array}\right.
3m+3=3×119+3=23\therefore -3m+3=-3\times \frac{11}{9}+3=-\frac{2}{3}
P\therefore P的坐标为(119\frac{11}{9}23)-\frac{2}{3})
综上所述,PP的坐标为(0,3)\left(0,3\right)或(2519318\frac{25-\sqrt{193}}{18}7+1936\frac{-7+\sqrt{193}}{6})或(25+19318\frac{25+\sqrt{193}}{18}71936\frac{-7-\sqrt{193}}{6})或(119\frac{11}{9}23)-\frac{2}{3}).

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