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九年级数学解答题一般
题目
如图,抛物线y=ax2+2x3ay=ax^{2}+2x-3a经过A(1,0)A\left(1,0\right)B(b,0)B\left(b,0\right)C(0,c)C\left(0,c\right)三点.
(1)(1)bb,cc的值;
(2)(2)在抛物线对称轴上找一点PP,使PA+PCPA+PC的值最小,求点PP的坐标;
(3)(3)MMxx轴上一动点,抛物线上是否存在一点NN,使以AA,CC,MM,NN四点构成的四边形为平行四边形?若存在,直接写出点NN的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.
知识点:待定系数法求一次函数解析式、一次函数的应用、待定系数法求二次函数的解析式、二次函数的应用、平行四边形的性质、平行四边形的判定章节:未标注

答案与解析

答案

(1)把A(1,0)A\left(1,0\right)代入抛物线y=ax2+2x3ay=ax^{2}+2x-3a
可得:a+23a=0a+2-3a=0
解得a=1a=1.
\therefore抛物线的解析式为:y=x2+2x3y=x^{2}+2x-3
B(b,0)B\left(b,0\right)C(0,c)C\left(0,c\right)代入y=x2+2x3y=x^{2}+2x-3
可得:b=1b=1b=3b=-3c=3c=-3
A(1,0)\because A\left(1,0\right)
b=3\therefore b=-3
(2)(2)\because抛物线的解析式为:y=x2+2x3y=x^{2}+2x-3
\therefore其对称轴为直线x=b2a=1x=-\frac{b}{2a}=-1
连接BCBC,如图11所示,

B(3,0)\because B\left(-3,0\right)C(0,3)C\left(0,-3\right)
\therefore设直线BCBC的解析式为y=kx+b(k0)y=kx+b\left(k\neq 0\right)
{b=33k+b=0\therefore \left\{\begin{array}{l}{b=-3}\\{-3k+b=0}\end{array}\right.
解得{k=1b=3\left\{\begin{array}{l}{k=-1}\\{b=-3}\end{array}\right.
\therefore直线BCBC的解析式为y=x3y=-x-3
x=1x=-1时,y=13=2y=1-3=-2
P(1,2)\therefore P\left(-1,-2\right)
(3)(3)存在点NN,使以AACCMMNN四点构成的四边形为平行四边形.
如图22所示,


①当点NNxx轴下方时,
\because抛物线的对称轴为直线x=1x=-1C(0,3)C\left(0,-3\right)
N1(2,3)\therefore N_{1}(-2,-3)
②当点NNxx轴上方时,
如图22,过点N\’{N\’}N\’Dx{N\’}D\bot x轴于点DD
AN\’D\triangle AN\’DM\’CO\triangle {M\’}CO中,{N\’DA=COM\’CM\’A=N\’ADAN\’=CM\’\left\{\begin{array}{l}{∠{N\’}DA=∠COM\’}\\{∠CM\’A=∠{N\’}AD}\\{AN\’=CM\’}\end{array}\right.
AN\’D\therefore \triangle AN\’DM\’CO(AAS)\triangle {M\’}CO\left(AAS\right)
N\’D=OC=3\therefore {N\’}D=OC=3,即N\’{N\’}点的纵坐标为33.
3=x2+2x3\therefore 3=x^{2}+2x-3
解得x=1+7x=-1+\sqrt{7}x=17x=-1-\sqrt{7}
N\’(1+7\therefore {N\’}(-1+\sqrt{7}3)3)NN(17(-1-\sqrt{7}3)3).
综上所述,符合条件的点NN的坐标为(2,3)\left(-2,-3\right)(1+7(-1+\sqrt{7}3)3)(17(-1-\sqrt{7}3)3).

解析

(1)把A(1,0)A\left(1,0\right)代入抛物线y=ax2+2x3ay=ax^{2}+2x-3a
可得:a+23a=0a+2-3a=0
解得a=1a=1.
\therefore抛物线的解析式为:y=x2+2x3y=x^{2}+2x-3
B(b,0)B\left(b,0\right)C(0,c)C\left(0,c\right)代入y=x2+2x3y=x^{2}+2x-3
可得:b=1b=1b=3b=-3c=3c=-3
A(1,0)\because A\left(1,0\right)
b=3\therefore b=-3
(2)(2)\because抛物线的解析式为:y=x2+2x3y=x^{2}+2x-3
\therefore其对称轴为直线x=b2a=1x=-\frac{b}{2a}=-1
连接BCBC,如图11所示,

B(3,0)\because B\left(-3,0\right)C(0,3)C\left(0,-3\right)
\therefore设直线BCBC的解析式为y=kx+b(k0)y=kx+b\left(k\neq 0\right)
{b=33k+b=0\therefore \left\{\begin{array}{l}{b=-3}\\{-3k+b=0}\end{array}\right.
解得{k=1b=3\left\{\begin{array}{l}{k=-1}\\{b=-3}\end{array}\right.
\therefore直线BCBC的解析式为y=x3y=-x-3
x=1x=-1时,y=13=2y=1-3=-2
P(1,2)\therefore P\left(-1,-2\right)
(3)(3)存在点NN,使以AACCMMNN四点构成的四边形为平行四边形.
如图22所示,


①当点NNxx轴下方时,
\because抛物线的对称轴为直线x=1x=-1C(0,3)C\left(0,-3\right)
N1(2,3)\therefore N_{1}(-2,-3)
②当点NNxx轴上方时,
如图22,过点N\’{N\’}N\’Dx{N\’}D\bot x轴于点DD
AN\’D\triangle AN\’DM\’CO\triangle {M\’}CO中,{N\’DA=COM\’CM\’A=N\’ADAN\’=CM\’\left\{\begin{array}{l}{∠{N\’}DA=∠COM\’}\\{∠CM\’A=∠{N\’}AD}\\{AN\’=CM\’}\end{array}\right.
AN\’D\therefore \triangle AN\’DM\’CO(AAS)\triangle {M\’}CO\left(AAS\right)
N\’D=OC=3\therefore {N\’}D=OC=3,即N\’{N\’}点的纵坐标为33.
3=x2+2x3\therefore 3=x^{2}+2x-3
解得x=1+7x=-1+\sqrt{7}x=17x=-1-\sqrt{7}
N\’(1+7\therefore {N\’}(-1+\sqrt{7}3)3)NN(17(-1-\sqrt{7}3)3).
综上所述,符合条件的点NN的坐标为(2,3)\left(-2,-3\right)(1+7(-1+\sqrt{7}3)3)(17(-1-\sqrt{7}3)3).

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