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八年级数学解答题一般
题目
阅读理解:在平面直角坐标系中,P1(x1P_{1}(x_{1},y1)y_{1}),P2(x2P_{2}(x_{2},y2)y_{2}),如何求P1P2P_{1}P_{2}的距离.如图,在RtP1P2QRt\triangle P_{1}P_{2}Q,P1P22=P1Q2+P2Q2=(x2x1)2+(y2y1)2|P_{1}P_{2}|^{2}=|P_{1}Q|^{2}+|P_{2}Q|^{2}=(x_{2}-x_{1})^{2}+(y_{2}-y_{1})^{2},所以P1P2=(x2x1)2+(y2y1)2|P_{1}P_{2}|=\sqrt{{{({{x_2}-{x_1}})}^2}+{{({{y_2}-{y_1}})}^2}}.因此,我们得到平面上两点P1(x1P_{1}(x_{1},y1)y_{1}),P2(x2P_{2}(x_{2},y2)y_{2})之间的距离公式为P1P2=(x2x1)2+(y2y1)2|P_{1}P_{2}|=\sqrt{{{({{x_2}-{x_1}})}^2}+{{({{y_2}-{y_1}})}^2}}.根据上面得到的公式,解决下列问题:
(1)(1)已知点P(2,6)P\left(2,6\right),Q(3,6)Q\left(-3,-6\right),试求PPQQ两点间的距离;
(2)(2)已知点M(m,5)M\left(m,5\right),N(1,2)N\left(1,2\right)MN=5MN=5,求mm的值;
(3)(3)求代数式(x3)2+y2+(x+3)2+(y+4)2\sqrt{{{({x-3})}^2}+{y^2}}+\sqrt{{{({x+3})}^2}+{{({y+4})}^2}}的最小值.
知识点:两点间的距离公式I章节:未标注

答案与解析

答案

(1)根据两点的距离公式得,PQ=(2+3)2+(6+6)2=25+144=13|{PQ}|=\sqrt{{{({2+3})}^2}+{{({6+6})}^2}}=\sqrt{25+144}=13

(2)(m1)2+9=25(2)\left(m-1\right)^{2}+9=25

m1=5\therefore m_{1}=5m2=3m_{2}=-3

(3)(x3)2+y2+(x+3)2+(y+4)2(3)\because \sqrt{{{({x-3})}^2}+{y^2}}+\sqrt{{{({x+3})}^2}+{{({y+4})}^2}}看成点(x,y)\left(x,y\right)到两点(3,0)\left(3,0\right)(3,4)\left(-3,-4\right)的距离之和,

(x3)2+y2+(x+3)2+(y+4)2\therefore \sqrt{{{({x-3})}^2}+{y^2}}+\sqrt{{{({x+3})}^2}+{{({y+4})}^2}}的最小值为点(x,y)\left(x,y\right)到两点(3,0)\left(3,0\right)(3,4)\left(-3,-4\right)的距离之和的最小值,

\because当点(x,y)\left(x,y\right)在以两点(3,0)\left(3,0\right)(3,4)\left(-3,-4\right)为端点的线段上时,点(x,y)\left(x,y\right)到两点(3,0)\left(3,0\right)(3,4)\left(-3,-4\right)的距离之和的最小值,其最小值为以两点(3,0)\left(3,0\right)(3,4)\left(-3,-4\right)为端点的线段长度,

(x3)2+y2+(x+3)2+(y+4)2\therefore \sqrt{{{({x-3})}^2}+{y^2}}+\sqrt{{{({x+3})}^2}+{{({y+4})}^2}}的最小值为(3+3)2+(0+4)2=213\sqrt{{{({3+3})}^2}+{{({0+4})}^2}}=2\sqrt{13}.

解析

(1)根据两点的距离公式得,PQ=(2+3)2+(6+6)2=25+144=13|{PQ}|=\sqrt{{{({2+3})}^2}+{{({6+6})}^2}}=\sqrt{25+144}=13

(2)(m1)2+9=25(2)\left(m-1\right)^{2}+9=25

m1=5\therefore m_{1}=5m2=3m_{2}=-3

(3)(x3)2+y2+(x+3)2+(y+4)2(3)\because \sqrt{{{({x-3})}^2}+{y^2}}+\sqrt{{{({x+3})}^2}+{{({y+4})}^2}}看成点(x,y)\left(x,y\right)到两点(3,0)\left(3,0\right)(3,4)\left(-3,-4\right)的距离之和,

(x3)2+y2+(x+3)2+(y+4)2\therefore \sqrt{{{({x-3})}^2}+{y^2}}+\sqrt{{{({x+3})}^2}+{{({y+4})}^2}}的最小值为点(x,y)\left(x,y\right)到两点(3,0)\left(3,0\right)(3,4)\left(-3,-4\right)的距离之和的最小值,

\because当点(x,y)\left(x,y\right)在以两点(3,0)\left(3,0\right)(3,4)\left(-3,-4\right)为端点的线段上时,点(x,y)\left(x,y\right)到两点(3,0)\left(3,0\right)(3,4)\left(-3,-4\right)的距离之和的最小值,其最小值为以两点(3,0)\left(3,0\right)(3,4)\left(-3,-4\right)为端点的线段长度,

(x3)2+y2+(x+3)2+(y+4)2\therefore \sqrt{{{({x-3})}^2}+{y^2}}+\sqrt{{{({x+3})}^2}+{{({y+4})}^2}}的最小值为(3+3)2+(0+4)2=213\sqrt{{{({3+3})}^2}+{{({0+4})}^2}}=2\sqrt{13}.

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