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九年级数学解答题一般
题目
定义:我们把有一组邻边相等,并且有一组对角为直角的四边形叫做等补四边形.

(1)(1)如图11,在10×1010\times 10的网格图中,点AA,BB,CC在格点(小正方形的顶点)上,请画出两个符合条件的等补四边形ABCDABCD,点DD也在格点上.
(2)(2)如图22,以菱形ABCDABCD的一边CDCD为边向外作正方形CDEFCDEF,MMNN分别是菱形和正方形的对角线交点,连结MNMN.
①求证:四边形DMCNDMCN是等补四边形.
②若MN=2{MN}=\sqrt{2},求四边形DMCNDMCN的面积.
(3)(3)如图33,在四边形ABFEABFE,AE,AEBF,A=90BF,\angle A=90^{\circ},AE=ABAE=AB,点DD在边AEAE上,DE=BFDE=BF,点CC在边EFEF上,四边形ABCDABCD为等补四边形,现已知AD=2AD=2,求DEDE长度.
知识点:四边形综合题章节:未标注

答案与解析

答案

(1)(1)如图11中,四边形ABCDABCD即为所求.

(2)(2)①证明:如图22中,
\because四边形ABCDABCD是菱形,
ACBD\therefore AC\bot BDDMC=90\therefore \angle DMC=90^{\circ}
\because四边形CDEFCDEF是正方形,
DFCE\therefore DF\bot CEND=NC=NF=NEND=NC=NF=NE
DMC=DNC=90\therefore \angle DMC=\angle DNC=90^{\circ}
ND=NC\because ND=NC
\therefore四边形DMCNDMCN是等补四边形;
②如图22中,过点NNNJCMNJ\bot CM于点JJ,作NKMDNK\bot MDMDMD的延长线于点KK.

NJM=K=JMK=90\because \angle NJM=\angle K=\angle JMK=90^{\circ}
\therefore四边形MJNKMJNK是矩形,
KNJ=DNC=90\therefore \angle KNJ=\angle DNC=90^{\circ}
DNK=CNJ\therefore \angle DNK=\angle CNJ
NKD\triangle NKDNJC\triangle NJC中,
{DNK=CNJK=NJC=90°ND=NC\left\{\begin{array}{l}{∠DNK=∠CNJ}\\{∠K=∠NJC=90°}\\{ND=NC}\end{array}\right.
NKD\therefore \triangle NKDNJC(AAS)\triangle NJC\left(AAS\right)
SNKD=SNJC\therefore S_{\triangle NKD}=S_{\triangle NJC}NK=NJNK=NJ
\therefore四边形MJNKMJNK是正方形,
S四边形DMCN=S正方形MJNK=12MN2=1\therefore {S}_{四边形DMCN}={S}_{正方形MJNK}=\frac{1}{2}•M{N}^{2}=1
(3)(3)解法一:如图33中,连接ACACBDBD.

BF=DE,DE\because BF=DE,DEBFBF
\therefore四边形BDEFBDEF是平行四边形,
BD\therefore BDEFEF
\because四边形ABCDABCD是四边形ABCDABCD为等补四边形,
分以下两种情况讨论:
AB=BCAB=BCAD=CDAD=CD时,
BAD=BCD=90\because \angle BAD=\angle BCD=90^{\circ}
RtBADRt\triangle BADRtBDCRt\triangle BDC中,
{BD=BDAB=BC\left\{\begin{array}{l}{BD=BD}\\{AB=BC}\end{array}\right.{BD=BDAD=CD\left\{\begin{array}{l}{BD=BD}\\{AD=CD}\end{array}\right.
RtBAD\therefore Rt\triangle BADRtBDC(HL)Rt\triangle BDC\left(HL\right)
BA=BC\therefore BA=BCDA=DCDA=DC
BD\therefore BD垂直平分线段ACAC
EFAC\therefore EF\bot AC
ACE=90\therefore \angle ACE=90^{\circ}
DA=DC\because DA=DC
DAC=DCA\therefore \angle DAC=\angle DCA
DAC+E=90\because \angle DAC+\angle E=90^{\circ}DCA+DCE=90\angle DCA+\angle DCE=90^{\circ}
E=DCE\therefore \angle E=\angle DCE
DC=DE\therefore DC=DE
AD=DE\therefore AD=DE
AD:DE=1\therefore AD:DE=1
CB=CDCB=CD时,如图44中,连接BDBD,过点CCCTBDCT\bot BD于点TT,过点DDDQEFDQ\bot EF于点QQ,则四边形DQCTDQCT是矩形,

CT=QD\therefore CT=QD
CDB\because \triangle CDB是等腰直角三角形,CTBDCT\bot BD
BT=DT\therefore BT=DT
CT=BT=DT\therefore CT=BT=DT
AD=xAD=xDE=yDE=y
AE=AB=x+yAE=AB=x+yBD=x2+(x+y)2BD=\sqrt{{x}^{2}+{(x+y)}^{2}}DQ=CT=12x2+(x+y)2DQ=CT=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{{x}^{2}+{(x+y)}^{2}}
BD\because BDEFEF
ADB=E\therefore \angle ADB=\angle E
A=DQE=90\because \angle A=\angle DQE=90^{\circ}
BAD\therefore \triangle BADDQE\triangle DQE
BDDE=ABDQ\therefore \frac{BD}{DE}=\frac{AB}{DQ}
x2+(x+y)2y=x+y12x2+(x+y)2\therefore \frac{\sqrt{{x}^{2}+{(x+y)}^{2}}}{y}=\frac{x+y}{\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{{x}^{2}+{(x+y)}^{2}}}
整理得2x2=y22x^{2}=y^{2}
x>0\because x \gt 0y>0y \gt 0
xy=22\therefore x:y=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}
ADDE=22\therefore {AD}:{DE}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}
综上所述,AD:DE=1AD:DE=122\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}
AD=2\because AD=2
DE=2\therefore DE=2222\sqrt{2}
解法二:DE\because DEBFBFDE=BFDE=BF
\therefore四边形DBFEDBFE是平行四边形,
SDBFE=2SBCD\therefore S_{▱DBFE}=2S_{\triangle BCD}
DE=xDE=x.
①当DC=DADC=DA,ABD,\triangle ABDCBD\triangle CBD
SDBFE=2SABD\therefore S_{▱DBFE}=2S_{\triangle ABD}
x(x+2)=2(x+2)\therefore x\left(x+2\right)=2\left(x+2\right)
解得:x=2x=2
②当DC=BCDC=BC时,BCD\triangle BCD等腰直角三角形,
SBCD=BD24\therefore {S}_{△BCD}=\frac{B{D}^{2}}{4}
SDBFE=2SBCD\therefore S_{▱DBFE}=2S_{\triangle BCD}
x(x+2)=2(x+2)2+22a\therefore x(x+2)=2•\frac{{(x+2)}^{2}+{2}^{2}}{a}
x2+2x=x2+4x+82\therefore {x}^{2}+{2x}=\frac{{x}^{2}+{4x}+8}{2}
x2=8\therefore x^{2}=8
x=±22(\therefore x=±2\sqrt{2}(负值舍去),
综上,DE=2DE=2222\sqrt{2}.

解析

(1)(1)如图11中,四边形ABCDABCD即为所求.

(2)(2)①证明:如图22中,
\because四边形ABCDABCD是菱形,
ACBD\therefore AC\bot BDDMC=90\therefore \angle DMC=90^{\circ}
\because四边形CDEFCDEF是正方形,
DFCE\therefore DF\bot CEND=NC=NF=NEND=NC=NF=NE
DMC=DNC=90\therefore \angle DMC=\angle DNC=90^{\circ}
ND=NC\because ND=NC
\therefore四边形DMCNDMCN是等补四边形;
②如图22中,过点NNNJCMNJ\bot CM于点JJ,作NKMDNK\bot MDMDMD的延长线于点KK.

NJM=K=JMK=90\because \angle NJM=\angle K=\angle JMK=90^{\circ}
\therefore四边形MJNKMJNK是矩形,
KNJ=DNC=90\therefore \angle KNJ=\angle DNC=90^{\circ}
DNK=CNJ\therefore \angle DNK=\angle CNJ
NKD\triangle NKDNJC\triangle NJC中,
{DNK=CNJK=NJC=90°ND=NC\left\{\begin{array}{l}{∠DNK=∠CNJ}\\{∠K=∠NJC=90°}\\{ND=NC}\end{array}\right.
NKD\therefore \triangle NKDNJC(AAS)\triangle NJC\left(AAS\right)
SNKD=SNJC\therefore S_{\triangle NKD}=S_{\triangle NJC}NK=NJNK=NJ
\therefore四边形MJNKMJNK是正方形,
S四边形DMCN=S正方形MJNK=12MN2=1\therefore {S}_{四边形DMCN}={S}_{正方形MJNK}=\frac{1}{2}•M{N}^{2}=1
(3)(3)解法一:如图33中,连接ACACBDBD.

BF=DE,DE\because BF=DE,DEBFBF
\therefore四边形BDEFBDEF是平行四边形,
BD\therefore BDEFEF
\because四边形ABCDABCD是四边形ABCDABCD为等补四边形,
分以下两种情况讨论:
AB=BCAB=BCAD=CDAD=CD时,
BAD=BCD=90\because \angle BAD=\angle BCD=90^{\circ}
RtBADRt\triangle BADRtBDCRt\triangle BDC中,
{BD=BDAB=BC\left\{\begin{array}{l}{BD=BD}\\{AB=BC}\end{array}\right.{BD=BDAD=CD\left\{\begin{array}{l}{BD=BD}\\{AD=CD}\end{array}\right.
RtBAD\therefore Rt\triangle BADRtBDC(HL)Rt\triangle BDC\left(HL\right)
BA=BC\therefore BA=BCDA=DCDA=DC
BD\therefore BD垂直平分线段ACAC
EFAC\therefore EF\bot AC
ACE=90\therefore \angle ACE=90^{\circ}
DA=DC\because DA=DC
DAC=DCA\therefore \angle DAC=\angle DCA
DAC+E=90\because \angle DAC+\angle E=90^{\circ}DCA+DCE=90\angle DCA+\angle DCE=90^{\circ}
E=DCE\therefore \angle E=\angle DCE
DC=DE\therefore DC=DE
AD=DE\therefore AD=DE
AD:DE=1\therefore AD:DE=1
CB=CDCB=CD时,如图44中,连接BDBD,过点CCCTBDCT\bot BD于点TT,过点DDDQEFDQ\bot EF于点QQ,则四边形DQCTDQCT是矩形,

CT=QD\therefore CT=QD
CDB\because \triangle CDB是等腰直角三角形,CTBDCT\bot BD
BT=DT\therefore BT=DT
CT=BT=DT\therefore CT=BT=DT
AD=xAD=xDE=yDE=y
AE=AB=x+yAE=AB=x+yBD=x2+(x+y)2BD=\sqrt{{x}^{2}+{(x+y)}^{2}}DQ=CT=12x2+(x+y)2DQ=CT=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{{x}^{2}+{(x+y)}^{2}}
BD\because BDEFEF
ADB=E\therefore \angle ADB=\angle E
A=DQE=90\because \angle A=\angle DQE=90^{\circ}
BAD\therefore \triangle BADDQE\triangle DQE
BDDE=ABDQ\therefore \frac{BD}{DE}=\frac{AB}{DQ}
x2+(x+y)2y=x+y12x2+(x+y)2\therefore \frac{\sqrt{{x}^{2}+{(x+y)}^{2}}}{y}=\frac{x+y}{\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{{x}^{2}+{(x+y)}^{2}}}
整理得2x2=y22x^{2}=y^{2}
x>0\because x \gt 0y>0y \gt 0
xy=22\therefore x:y=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}
ADDE=22\therefore {AD}:{DE}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}
综上所述,AD:DE=1AD:DE=122\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}
AD=2\because AD=2
DE=2\therefore DE=2222\sqrt{2}
解法二:DE\because DEBFBFDE=BFDE=BF
\therefore四边形DBFEDBFE是平行四边形,
SDBFE=2SBCD\therefore S_{▱DBFE}=2S_{\triangle BCD}
DE=xDE=x.
①当DC=DADC=DA,ABD,\triangle ABDCBD\triangle CBD
SDBFE=2SABD\therefore S_{▱DBFE}=2S_{\triangle ABD}
x(x+2)=2(x+2)\therefore x\left(x+2\right)=2\left(x+2\right)
解得:x=2x=2
②当DC=BCDC=BC时,BCD\triangle BCD等腰直角三角形,
SBCD=BD24\therefore {S}_{△BCD}=\frac{B{D}^{2}}{4}
SDBFE=2SBCD\therefore S_{▱DBFE}=2S_{\triangle BCD}
x(x+2)=2(x+2)2+22a\therefore x(x+2)=2•\frac{{(x+2)}^{2}+{2}^{2}}{a}
x2+2x=x2+4x+82\therefore {x}^{2}+{2x}=\frac{{x}^{2}+{4x}+8}{2}
x2=8\therefore x^{2}=8
x=±22(\therefore x=±2\sqrt{2}(负值舍去),
综上,DE=2DE=2222\sqrt{2}.

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