题霸题霸学习平台
← 返回公开题库
八年级数学解答题一般
题目
在平面直角坐标系中,OO是坐标原点,一次函数y=kx+by=kx+b的图象与yy轴交于点A(0,4)A\left(0,4\right),与xx轴交于点BB,与正比例函数y=xy=x的图象相交于点CC,点CC的横坐标为33.

(1)(1)求一次函数y=kx+by=kx+b的表达式;
(2)(2)如图22,过点CC作直线CD//xCD//x轴,MM为射线CDCD上一动点,若BCM\triangle BCM为以BCBC为腰的等腰三角形,直接写出点MM的坐标;
(3)(3)在(2)的条件下,平面内是否存在点P(a,3)P\left(a,3\right),使ABP\triangle ABP的面积等于AOB\triangle AOB面积的一半?若存在,直接写出点PP的坐标;若不存在,说明理由;
(4)(4)如图33,NN为线段OBOB上一点,连接CNCN,将BCN\triangle BCN沿直线CNCN翻折得到FCN(\triangle FCN(BB的对应点为点F)F),CFCFxx轴于点EE.当FNE\triangle FNE是直角三角形时,请直接写出点NN的横坐标.
知识点:反比例函数与一次函数的交点章节:第6章 反比例函数 / 6.2 反比例函数的图象与性质

答案与解析

答案

(1)\left(1\right)\becauseCC的横坐标为33

x=3x=3代入y=xy=xy=3y=3

\thereforeCC的坐标为(3,3)\left(3,3\right)

A(0,4)A\left(0,4\right)C(3,3)C\left(3,3\right)代入y=kx+by=kx+b,得{b=43k+b=3\left\{\begin{array}{l}{b=4}\\{3k+b=3}\end{array}\right.

解得{k=13b=4\left\{\begin{array}{l}{k=-\frac{1}{3}}\\{b=4}\end{array}\right.

\therefore一次函数表达式为y=13x+4y=-\frac{1}{3}x+4

(2)(2)设点MM的坐标(m,3)\left(m,3\right)

y=0y=0代入y=13x+4y=-\frac{1}{3}x+40=13x+40=-\frac{1}{3}x+4

解得x=12x=12

\thereforeBB的坐标为(12,0)\left(12,0\right)

BC=(123)2+32=310\therefore BC=\sqrt{(12-3)^{2}+{3}^{2}}=3\sqrt{10}

BCM\because \triangle BCM为以BCBC为腰的等腰三角形,

CM=CB=310\therefore CM=CB=3\sqrt{10}BC=BM=310BC=BM=3\sqrt{10}

CM=CB=310CM=CB=3\sqrt{10}时,

M(3+310\therefore M(3+3\sqrt{10}3)3)M(3310M(3-3\sqrt{10}3)(舍去)3)\left(\mathrm{舍去}\right)

BC=BM=310BC=BM=3\sqrt{10}时,

BBBHCDBH\bot CDHH

CH=MH\therefore CH=MH

H(12,3)\therefore H\left(12,3\right)

HM=(310)232=9\therefore HM=\sqrt{(3\sqrt{10})^{2}-{3}^{2}}=9

M(21,3)\therefore M\left(21,3\right)

综上所述,点MM的坐标为(3+310(3+3\sqrt{10}3)3)(21,3)\left(21,3\right)

(3)OA=4(3)\because OA=4OB=12OB=12

SAOB=12OAOB=12×4×12=24\therefore S_{\triangle AOB}=\frac{1}{2}OA\color{red}{•}OB=\frac{1}{2}\times 4\times 12=24

PPPQPQyy轴交ABABQQ

P(a,3)\because P\left(a,3\right)

Q(a\therefore Q(a13a+4)-\frac{1}{3}a+4)

SAPB=SAPQ+SPBQ=1213a+43×12\because S_{\triangle APB}=S_{\triangle APQ}+S_{\triangle PBQ}=\frac{1}{2}|-\frac{1}{3}a+4-3|\times 12ABP\triangle ABP的面积等于AOB\triangle AOB面积的一半,

1213a+43×12=12×24\therefore \frac{1}{2}|-\frac{1}{3}a+4-3|\times 12=\frac{1}{2}\color{red}{×}24

解得a=3a=-3a=9a=9

P(3,3)\therefore P\left(-3,3\right)(9,3)\left(9,3\right)

(4)(4)①当DNE=90\angle DNE=90^{\circ}时,过点CCCMxCM\bot x轴于点MM,并延长CMCM,过点DDDFCMDF\bot CM于点FF,如图所示:

设点N(n,0)N\left(n,0\right),则BN=12nBN=12-n

根据折叠可得CD=BC=310CD=BC=3\sqrt{10}DN=BN=12nDN=BN=12-n

DFM=FMN=DNM=90\because \angle DFM=\angle FMN=\angle DNM={90}^{\circ }

\therefore四边形DNMFDNMF为矩形

MF=DN=12n\therefore MF=DN=12-nDF=MN=n3DF=MN=n-3

CF=CM+MF=3+12n=15n\therefore CF=CM+MF=3+12-n=15-n

RtCFDRt\triangle CFD中,

根据勾股定理得CD2=CF2+DF2C{D}^{2}=C{F}^{2}+D{F}^{2},

(310)2=(15n)2+(n3)2{\left(3\sqrt{10}\right)}^{2}={\left(15-n\right)}^{2}+{\left(n-3\right)}^{2},

解得:n=6n=6n=12(舍去)n=12\left(\mathrm{舍去}\right)

\thereforeNN的横坐标为66

②当DEN=90\angle DEN=90^{\circ}时,如图所示:

设点N(n,0)N\left(n,0\right),则BN=12nBN=12-n

根据折叠的性质得到CD=BC=310CD=BC=3\sqrt{10}DN=BN=12nDN=BN=12-n

DEN=90\because \angle DEN={90}^{\circ }

CDx\therefore CD\bot x轴

CE=3\therefore CE=3OE=3OE=3

DE=3103\therefore DE=3\sqrt{10}-3EN=n3EN=n-3

RtDENRt\triangle DEN中,

根据勾股定理得DN2=EN2+DE2{DN}^{2}={EN}^{2}+D{E}^{2},

(12n)2=(n3)2+(3103)2{\left(12-n\right)}^{2}={\left(n-3\right)}^{2}+{\left(3\sqrt{10}-3\right)}^{2},

解得:n=10+2n=\sqrt{10}+2

\thereforeNN的横坐标为10+2\sqrt{10}+2

综上所述,点NN的横坐标为10+2\sqrt{10}+266.

解析

(1)\left(1\right)\becauseCC的横坐标为33

x=3x=3代入y=xy=xy=3y=3

\thereforeCC的坐标为(3,3)\left(3,3\right)

A(0,4)A\left(0,4\right)C(3,3)C\left(3,3\right)代入y=kx+by=kx+b,得{b=43k+b=3\left\{\begin{array}{l}{b=4}\\{3k+b=3}\end{array}\right.

解得{k=13b=4\left\{\begin{array}{l}{k=-\frac{1}{3}}\\{b=4}\end{array}\right.

\therefore一次函数表达式为y=13x+4y=-\frac{1}{3}x+4

(2)(2)设点MM的坐标(m,3)\left(m,3\right)

y=0y=0代入y=13x+4y=-\frac{1}{3}x+40=13x+40=-\frac{1}{3}x+4

解得x=12x=12

\thereforeBB的坐标为(12,0)\left(12,0\right)

BC=(123)2+32=310\therefore BC=\sqrt{(12-3)^{2}+{3}^{2}}=3\sqrt{10}

BCM\because \triangle BCM为以BCBC为腰的等腰三角形,

CM=CB=310\therefore CM=CB=3\sqrt{10}BC=BM=310BC=BM=3\sqrt{10}

CM=CB=310CM=CB=3\sqrt{10}时,

M(3+310\therefore M(3+3\sqrt{10}3)3)M(3310M(3-3\sqrt{10}3)(舍去)3)\left(\mathrm{舍去}\right)

BC=BM=310BC=BM=3\sqrt{10}时,

BBBHCDBH\bot CDHH

CH=MH\therefore CH=MH

H(12,3)\therefore H\left(12,3\right)

HM=(310)232=9\therefore HM=\sqrt{(3\sqrt{10})^{2}-{3}^{2}}=9

M(21,3)\therefore M\left(21,3\right)

综上所述,点MM的坐标为(3+310(3+3\sqrt{10}3)3)(21,3)\left(21,3\right)

(3)OA=4(3)\because OA=4OB=12OB=12

SAOB=12OAOB=12×4×12=24\therefore S_{\triangle AOB}=\frac{1}{2}OA\color{red}{•}OB=\frac{1}{2}\times 4\times 12=24

PPPQPQyy轴交ABABQQ

P(a,3)\because P\left(a,3\right)

Q(a\therefore Q(a13a+4)-\frac{1}{3}a+4)

SAPB=SAPQ+SPBQ=1213a+43×12\because S_{\triangle APB}=S_{\triangle APQ}+S_{\triangle PBQ}=\frac{1}{2}|-\frac{1}{3}a+4-3|\times 12ABP\triangle ABP的面积等于AOB\triangle AOB面积的一半,

1213a+43×12=12×24\therefore \frac{1}{2}|-\frac{1}{3}a+4-3|\times 12=\frac{1}{2}\color{red}{×}24

解得a=3a=-3a=9a=9

P(3,3)\therefore P\left(-3,3\right)(9,3)\left(9,3\right)

(4)(4)①当DNE=90\angle DNE=90^{\circ}时,过点CCCMxCM\bot x轴于点MM,并延长CMCM,过点DDDFCMDF\bot CM于点FF,如图所示:

设点N(n,0)N\left(n,0\right),则BN=12nBN=12-n

根据折叠可得CD=BC=310CD=BC=3\sqrt{10}DN=BN=12nDN=BN=12-n

DFM=FMN=DNM=90\because \angle DFM=\angle FMN=\angle DNM={90}^{\circ }

\therefore四边形DNMFDNMF为矩形

MF=DN=12n\therefore MF=DN=12-nDF=MN=n3DF=MN=n-3

CF=CM+MF=3+12n=15n\therefore CF=CM+MF=3+12-n=15-n

RtCFDRt\triangle CFD中,

根据勾股定理得CD2=CF2+DF2C{D}^{2}=C{F}^{2}+D{F}^{2},

(310)2=(15n)2+(n3)2{\left(3\sqrt{10}\right)}^{2}={\left(15-n\right)}^{2}+{\left(n-3\right)}^{2},

解得:n=6n=6n=12(舍去)n=12\left(\mathrm{舍去}\right)

\thereforeNN的横坐标为66

②当DEN=90\angle DEN=90^{\circ}时,如图所示:

设点N(n,0)N\left(n,0\right),则BN=12nBN=12-n

根据折叠的性质得到CD=BC=310CD=BC=3\sqrt{10}DN=BN=12nDN=BN=12-n

DEN=90\because \angle DEN={90}^{\circ }

CDx\therefore CD\bot x轴

CE=3\therefore CE=3OE=3OE=3

DE=3103\therefore DE=3\sqrt{10}-3EN=n3EN=n-3

RtDENRt\triangle DEN中,

根据勾股定理得DN2=EN2+DE2{DN}^{2}={EN}^{2}+D{E}^{2},

(12n)2=(n3)2+(3103)2{\left(12-n\right)}^{2}={\left(n-3\right)}^{2}+{\left(3\sqrt{10}-3\right)}^{2},

解得:n=10+2n=\sqrt{10}+2

\thereforeNN的横坐标为10+2\sqrt{10}+2

综上所述,点NN的横坐标为10+2\sqrt{10}+266.

自由组卷

围绕这道题再组一份练习 →

完整试卷

浏览同年级试卷结构 →