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八年级数学解答题一般
题目
阅读理解,自主探究:"一线三垂直"模型是"一线三等角"模型的特殊情况,即三个等角角度为9090^{\circ},于是有三组边相互垂直.所以称为"一线三垂直模型".当模型中有一组对应边长相等时,则模型中必定存在全等三角形.

(1)(1)问题解决:如图11,在等腰直角ABC\triangle ABC中,ACB=90\angle ACB=90^{\circ},AC=BCAC=BC,过点CC作直线DEDE,ADDEAD\bot DEDD,BEDEBE\bot DEEE,求证:ADC\triangle ADCCEB\triangle CEB
(2)(2)问题探究:如图22,在等腰直角ABC\triangle ABC中,ACB=90\angle ACB=90^{\circ},AC=BCAC=BC,过点CC作直线CECE,ADCEAD\bot CEDD,BECEBE\bot CEEE,AD=3.2cmAD=3.2cm,DE=2.3cmDE=2.3cm,求BEBE的长;
(3)(3)拓展延伸:在平面直角坐标系中,A(5,2)A\left(5,2\right),点BB在第一、第三象限的角平分线ll上.点CCyy轴上,ABC\triangle ABC为等腰直角三角形.
①如图33,当CBA=90\angle CBA=90^{\circ}时,求点CC的坐标;
②直接写出其他符合条件的CC点的坐标.
知识点:轴对称——最短路线问题、路线选择问题章节:第26章 综合运用数学知识解决实际问题 / 26.2 应用举例

答案与解析

答案

(1)ADDE\left(1\right)\because AD\bot DEDDACB=90\angle ACB=90^{\circ}
D=90\therefore \angle D=90^{\circ}DAC+DCA=90\angle DAC+\angle DCA=90^{\circ}BCE+DCA=90\angle BCE+\angle DCA=90^{\circ}
DAC=BCE\angle DAC=\angle BCE
BEDE\because BE\bot DE
E=D=90\therefore \angle E=\angle D=90^{\circ}
AC=BC\because AC=BC
ADC\therefore \triangle ADCCEB(AAS)\triangle CEB\left(AAS\right)
(2)ACB=90(2)\because \angle ACB=90^{\circ}BECEBE\bot CE
BCE+ACD=90\therefore \angle BCE+\angle ACD=90^{\circ}BCE+CBE=90\angle BCE+\angle CBE=90^{\circ}E=90\angle E=90^{\circ}
CBE=ACD\therefore \angle CBE=\angle ACD
ADCE\because AD\bot CE
ADC=E=90\therefore \angle ADC=\angle E=90^{\circ}
AC=BC\because AC=BC
ADC\therefore \triangle ADCCEB(AAS)\triangle CEB\left(AAS\right)
AD=CE=3.2cmAD=CE=3.2cmCD=BECD=BE
DE=2.3cm\because DE=2.3cm
CD=CEDE=(3.22.3)cm=0.9cm\therefore CD=CE-DE=\left(3.2-2.3\right)cm=0.9cm
BE=0.9cmBE=0.9cm
(3)(3)①过点BBBEyBE\bot y轴,过点AAADEBAD\bot EB的延长线,如图:

因为ABC=90\angle ABC=90^{\circ},过点AAADEBAD\bot EB的延长线,
CBE+ABD=90\therefore \angle CBE+\angle ABD=90^{\circ}BAD+ABD=90\angle BAD+\angle ABD=90^{\circ}D=90\angle D=90^{\circ}
\because过点BBBEyBE\bot y轴,
CEB=90\therefore \angle CEB=90^{\circ}
AC=BC\because AC=BC
ADB\therefore \triangle ADBBEC(AAS)\triangle BEC\left(AAS\right)
AD=EB\therefore AD=EBCE=BDCE=BD
\becauseBB在第一、第三象限的角平分线ll上.点CCyy轴上,
\therefore设点BB的坐标为(a,a)\left(a,a\right)C(0,b)C\left(0,b\right)
AD=EB\because AD=EBCE=BDCE=BDA(5,2)A\left(5,2\right)
2a=a\therefore 2-a=aba=5ab-a=5-a
解得a=1a=1b=5b=5
故点CC的坐标为(0,5)\left(0,5\right)
ABC=90\angle ABC=90^{\circ}AB=BCAB=BC,过点BBBEyBE\bot y轴,过点AA作射线AFAFxx轴,且过点BBDBADDB\bot AD,如图:

易知EBD=90\angle EBD=90^{\circ}
因为ABC=90\angle ABC=90^{\circ}
CBE=ABD\therefore \angle CBE=\angle ABD
\because过点BBBEyBE\bot y轴,过点BBDBADDB\bot AD
CEB=D=90\therefore \angle CEB=\angle D=90^{\circ}
AC=BC\because AC=BC
ADB\therefore \triangle ADBCEB(AAS)\triangle CEB\left(AAS\right)
AD=CE\therefore AD=CEBD=EBBD=EB
\becauseBB在第一、第三象限的角平分线ll上.点CCyy轴上,
\therefore设点BB的坐标为(a,a)\left(a,a\right)C(0,b)C\left(0,b\right)
AD=CE\because AD=CEBD=EBBD=EBA(5,2)A\left(5,2\right)
a5=ba\therefore a-5=b-aa2=aa-2=a
此时aa无解,
BAC=90\angle BAC=90^{\circ}AC=BAAC=BA,过点AA作直线llxx轴,与yy轴交于点DD,过点BBBElBE\bot l于点EE,如图:

BAC=90\because \angle BAC=90^{\circ}ADC=AEB=90\angle ADC=\angle AEB=90^{\circ}
DAC+DCA=90=DAC+BAE\therefore \angle DAC+\angle DCA=90^{\circ}=\angle DAC+\angle BAE
DCA=BAE\therefore \angle DCA=\angle BAE
AC=AB\because AC=AB
ADC\therefore \triangle ADCBEA(AAS)\triangle BEA\left(AAS\right)
AD=EB\therefore AD=EBCD=AECD=AE
\becauseBB在第一、第三象限的角平分线ll上.点CCyy轴上,
\therefore设点BB的坐标为(a,a)\left(a,a\right)C(0,b)C\left(0,b\right)
AD=EB\because AD=EBCD=AECD=AEA(5,2)A\left(5,2\right)
5=a2\therefore 5=a-2b2=a5b-2=a-5
解得a=7a=7b=4b=4
故点CC的坐标为(0,4)\left(0,4\right)
BAC=90\angle BAC=90^{\circ}AC=BAAC=BA,过点AA作直线llyy轴,过点BBBElBE\bot l于点EE,过点CCCDlCD\bot l于点DD,如图:

BAC=90\because \angle BAC=90^{\circ}ADC=AEB=90\angle ADC=\angle AEB=90^{\circ}
DAC+DCA=90=DAC+BAE\therefore \angle DAC+\angle DCA=90^{\circ}=\angle DAC+\angle BAE
DCA=BAE\therefore \angle DCA=\angle BAE
AC=AB\because AC=AB
ADC\therefore \triangle ADCBEA(AAS)\triangle BEA\left(AAS\right)
AD=EB\therefore AD=EBCD=AECD=AE
\becauseBB在第一、第三象限的角平分线ll上.点CCyy轴上,
\therefore设点BB的坐标为(a,a)\left(a,a\right)C(0,b)C\left(0,b\right)
AD=EB\because AD=EBCD=AECD=AEA(5,2)A\left(5,2\right)
b2=a+5\therefore b-2=-a+55=2a5=2-a
解得a=3a=-3b=10b=10
故点CC的坐标为(0,10)\left(0,10\right)
ACB=90\angle ACB=90^{\circ}时,AC=BCAC=BC,过点CC作直线llxx轴,过点BBBElBE\bot l于点EE,过点AAADlAD\bot l于点DD,如图:

ACB=90\because \angle ACB=90^{\circ}ADC=CEB=90\angle ADC=\angle CEB=90^{\circ}
DAC+DCA=90=DAC+BCE\therefore \angle DAC+\angle DCA=90^{\circ}=\angle DAC+\angle BCE
DCA=BCE\angle DCA=\angle BCE
AC=CB\because AC=CB
ADC\therefore \triangle ADCCEB(AAS)\triangle CEB\left(AAS\right)
AD=EB\therefore AD=EBCD=AECD=AE
\becauseBB在第一、第三象限的角平分线ll上.点CCyy轴上,
\therefore设点BB的坐标为(a,a)\left(a,a\right)C(0,b)C\left(0,b\right)
AD=CE\because AD=CECD=BECD=BEA(5,2)A\left(5,2\right)
b2=a\therefore b-2=-a5=ba5=b-a
解得a=32b=72a=-\frac{3}{2},b=\frac{7}{2}
故点CC的坐标为(072)(0,\frac{7}{2})
综上,其他符合条件的CC点的坐标为(0,4)\left(0,4\right)(0,10)\left(0,10\right)(072)(0,\frac{7}{2}).

解析

(1)ADDE\left(1\right)\because AD\bot DEDDACB=90\angle ACB=90^{\circ}
D=90\therefore \angle D=90^{\circ}DAC+DCA=90\angle DAC+\angle DCA=90^{\circ}BCE+DCA=90\angle BCE+\angle DCA=90^{\circ}
DAC=BCE\angle DAC=\angle BCE
BEDE\because BE\bot DE
E=D=90\therefore \angle E=\angle D=90^{\circ}
AC=BC\because AC=BC
ADC\therefore \triangle ADCCEB(AAS)\triangle CEB\left(AAS\right)
(2)ACB=90(2)\because \angle ACB=90^{\circ}BECEBE\bot CE
BCE+ACD=90\therefore \angle BCE+\angle ACD=90^{\circ}BCE+CBE=90\angle BCE+\angle CBE=90^{\circ}E=90\angle E=90^{\circ}
CBE=ACD\therefore \angle CBE=\angle ACD
ADCE\because AD\bot CE
ADC=E=90\therefore \angle ADC=\angle E=90^{\circ}
AC=BC\because AC=BC
ADC\therefore \triangle ADCCEB(AAS)\triangle CEB\left(AAS\right)
AD=CE=3.2cmAD=CE=3.2cmCD=BECD=BE
DE=2.3cm\because DE=2.3cm
CD=CEDE=(3.22.3)cm=0.9cm\therefore CD=CE-DE=\left(3.2-2.3\right)cm=0.9cm
BE=0.9cmBE=0.9cm
(3)(3)①过点BBBEyBE\bot y轴,过点AAADEBAD\bot EB的延长线,如图:

因为ABC=90\angle ABC=90^{\circ},过点AAADEBAD\bot EB的延长线,
CBE+ABD=90\therefore \angle CBE+\angle ABD=90^{\circ}BAD+ABD=90\angle BAD+\angle ABD=90^{\circ}D=90\angle D=90^{\circ}
\because过点BBBEyBE\bot y轴,
CEB=90\therefore \angle CEB=90^{\circ}
AC=BC\because AC=BC
ADB\therefore \triangle ADBBEC(AAS)\triangle BEC\left(AAS\right)
AD=EB\therefore AD=EBCE=BDCE=BD
\becauseBB在第一、第三象限的角平分线ll上.点CCyy轴上,
\therefore设点BB的坐标为(a,a)\left(a,a\right)C(0,b)C\left(0,b\right)
AD=EB\because AD=EBCE=BDCE=BDA(5,2)A\left(5,2\right)
2a=a\therefore 2-a=aba=5ab-a=5-a
解得a=1a=1b=5b=5
故点CC的坐标为(0,5)\left(0,5\right)
ABC=90\angle ABC=90^{\circ}AB=BCAB=BC,过点BBBEyBE\bot y轴,过点AA作射线AFAFxx轴,且过点BBDBADDB\bot AD,如图:

易知EBD=90\angle EBD=90^{\circ}
因为ABC=90\angle ABC=90^{\circ}
CBE=ABD\therefore \angle CBE=\angle ABD
\because过点BBBEyBE\bot y轴,过点BBDBADDB\bot AD
CEB=D=90\therefore \angle CEB=\angle D=90^{\circ}
AC=BC\because AC=BC
ADB\therefore \triangle ADBCEB(AAS)\triangle CEB\left(AAS\right)
AD=CE\therefore AD=CEBD=EBBD=EB
\becauseBB在第一、第三象限的角平分线ll上.点CCyy轴上,
\therefore设点BB的坐标为(a,a)\left(a,a\right)C(0,b)C\left(0,b\right)
AD=CE\because AD=CEBD=EBBD=EBA(5,2)A\left(5,2\right)
a5=ba\therefore a-5=b-aa2=aa-2=a
此时aa无解,
BAC=90\angle BAC=90^{\circ}AC=BAAC=BA,过点AA作直线llxx轴,与yy轴交于点DD,过点BBBElBE\bot l于点EE,如图:

BAC=90\because \angle BAC=90^{\circ}ADC=AEB=90\angle ADC=\angle AEB=90^{\circ}
DAC+DCA=90=DAC+BAE\therefore \angle DAC+\angle DCA=90^{\circ}=\angle DAC+\angle BAE
DCA=BAE\therefore \angle DCA=\angle BAE
AC=AB\because AC=AB
ADC\therefore \triangle ADCBEA(AAS)\triangle BEA\left(AAS\right)
AD=EB\therefore AD=EBCD=AECD=AE
\becauseBB在第一、第三象限的角平分线ll上.点CCyy轴上,
\therefore设点BB的坐标为(a,a)\left(a,a\right)C(0,b)C\left(0,b\right)
AD=EB\because AD=EBCD=AECD=AEA(5,2)A\left(5,2\right)
5=a2\therefore 5=a-2b2=a5b-2=a-5
解得a=7a=7b=4b=4
故点CC的坐标为(0,4)\left(0,4\right)
BAC=90\angle BAC=90^{\circ}AC=BAAC=BA,过点AA作直线llyy轴,过点BBBElBE\bot l于点EE,过点CCCDlCD\bot l于点DD,如图:

BAC=90\because \angle BAC=90^{\circ}ADC=AEB=90\angle ADC=\angle AEB=90^{\circ}
DAC+DCA=90=DAC+BAE\therefore \angle DAC+\angle DCA=90^{\circ}=\angle DAC+\angle BAE
DCA=BAE\therefore \angle DCA=\angle BAE
AC=AB\because AC=AB
ADC\therefore \triangle ADCBEA(AAS)\triangle BEA\left(AAS\right)
AD=EB\therefore AD=EBCD=AECD=AE
\becauseBB在第一、第三象限的角平分线ll上.点CCyy轴上,
\therefore设点BB的坐标为(a,a)\left(a,a\right)C(0,b)C\left(0,b\right)
AD=EB\because AD=EBCD=AECD=AEA(5,2)A\left(5,2\right)
b2=a+5\therefore b-2=-a+55=2a5=2-a
解得a=3a=-3b=10b=10
故点CC的坐标为(0,10)\left(0,10\right)
ACB=90\angle ACB=90^{\circ}时,AC=BCAC=BC,过点CC作直线llxx轴,过点BBBElBE\bot l于点EE,过点AAADlAD\bot l于点DD,如图:

ACB=90\because \angle ACB=90^{\circ}ADC=CEB=90\angle ADC=\angle CEB=90^{\circ}
DAC+DCA=90=DAC+BCE\therefore \angle DAC+\angle DCA=90^{\circ}=\angle DAC+\angle BCE
DCA=BCE\angle DCA=\angle BCE
AC=CB\because AC=CB
ADC\therefore \triangle ADCCEB(AAS)\triangle CEB\left(AAS\right)
AD=EB\therefore AD=EBCD=AECD=AE
\becauseBB在第一、第三象限的角平分线ll上.点CCyy轴上,
\therefore设点BB的坐标为(a,a)\left(a,a\right)C(0,b)C\left(0,b\right)
AD=CE\because AD=CECD=BECD=BEA(5,2)A\left(5,2\right)
b2=a\therefore b-2=-a5=ba5=b-a
解得a=32b=72a=-\frac{3}{2},b=\frac{7}{2}
故点CC的坐标为(072)(0,\frac{7}{2})
综上,其他符合条件的CC点的坐标为(0,4)\left(0,4\right)(0,10)\left(0,10\right)(072)(0,\frac{7}{2}).

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