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八年级数学解答题一般
题目
如图,已知ABC,AD\triangle ABC,ADBCBC,AD=ABAD=AB,在直线ABAB上取点EE.
(1)(1)如图(1),点EEBABA的延长线上,证明以下结论:
①若AE=BCAE=BC,则DE=ACDE=AC.
②若DE=ACDE=AC,则AE=BCAE=BC.
(2)(2)如图(2),点EE在边ABAB上,DE=ACDE=AC,CFABCF\bot AB于点FF.若AB=BCAB=BC,求证FFBEBE的中点.
知识点:全等三角形的判定与性质章节:第一章 三角形 / 1.3 探索三角形全等的条件

答案与解析

答案

(1)(1)证明:①AD\because ADBCBC
DAE=B\therefore \angle DAE=\angle B
ADE\triangle ADEBAC\triangle BAC中,
{AE=BCDAE=BAD=BA\because \left\{\begin{array}{l}{AE=BC}\\{∠DAE=∠B}\\{AD=BA}\end{array}\right.
ADE\therefore \triangle ADEBAC(SAS)\triangle BAC\left(SAS\right)
DE=AC\therefore DE=AC.
②分别过点DDAADMAEDM\bot AE于点MMANLBCANL\bot BC于点NN,如图(1)所示:

AMD=EMD=BNA=CNA=90\angle AMD=\angle EMD=\angle BNA=\angle CNA=90^{\circ}
ADM\triangle ADMBNA\triangle BNA中,
{AMD=BNADAM=BAD=BA\because \left\{\begin{array}{l}{∠AMD=∠BNA}\\{∠DAM=∠B}\\{AD=BA}\end{array}\right.
ADM\therefore \triangle ADMBAN(AAS)\triangle BAN\left(AAS\right)
DM=AN\therefore DM=ANAM=BNAM=BN
RtDEMRt\triangle DEMRtACNRt\triangle ACN中,
{DM=ANDE=AC\because \left\{\begin{array}{l}{DM=AN}\\{DE=AC}\end{array}\right.
RtDEM\therefore Rt\triangle DEMRtACN(HL)Rt\triangle ACN\left(HL\right)
EM=CN\therefore EM=CN
AM+EM=BN+CN\therefore AM+EM=BN+CN,即AE=BCAE=BC.
(2)(2)证明:过点DDDHABDH\bot ABBABA的延长线于点HH,如图(2)所示,
H=90H=90^{\circ}
CFAB\because CF\bot AB
BFC=AFC=90=H\therefore \angle BFC =\angle AFC =90^{\circ}=\angle H
AD//BC\because AD//BC
DAH=B\therefore \angle DAH=\angle B
AD=AB\because AD=ABAB=BCAB=BC
AD=BC\therefore AD=BC
ADH\triangle ADHBCF\triangle BCF中,
{H=BFCDAH=CBFAD=BC\because \left\{\begin{array}{l}{∠H=∠BFC}\\{∠DAH=∠CBF}\\{AD=BC}\end{array}\right.
ADH\therefore \triangle ADHBCF(AAS)\triangle BCF\left(AAS\right)
DH=CF\therefore DH=CFAH=BFAH=BF
RtDEHRt\triangle DEHRtCAFRt\triangle CAF中,
{DH=CFDE=CA\because \left\{\begin{array}{l}{DH=CF}\\{DE=CA}\end{array}\right.
RtDEH\therefore Rt\triangle DEHRtCAF(HL)Rt\triangle CAF\left(HL\right)
EH=AF\therefore EH=AF
EHAE=AFAE\therefore EH-AE=AF-AE
AH=EFAH=EF
BF=AH=EF\therefore BF=AH=EF
F\therefore FBEBE的中点.

解析

(1)(1)证明:①AD\because ADBCBC
DAE=B\therefore \angle DAE=\angle B
ADE\triangle ADEBAC\triangle BAC中,
{AE=BCDAE=BAD=BA\because \left\{\begin{array}{l}{AE=BC}\\{∠DAE=∠B}\\{AD=BA}\end{array}\right.
ADE\therefore \triangle ADEBAC(SAS)\triangle BAC\left(SAS\right)
DE=AC\therefore DE=AC.
②分别过点DDAADMAEDM\bot AE于点MMANLBCANL\bot BC于点NN,如图(1)所示:

AMD=EMD=BNA=CNA=90\angle AMD=\angle EMD=\angle BNA=\angle CNA=90^{\circ}
ADM\triangle ADMBNA\triangle BNA中,
{AMD=BNADAM=BAD=BA\because \left\{\begin{array}{l}{∠AMD=∠BNA}\\{∠DAM=∠B}\\{AD=BA}\end{array}\right.
ADM\therefore \triangle ADMBAN(AAS)\triangle BAN\left(AAS\right)
DM=AN\therefore DM=ANAM=BNAM=BN
RtDEMRt\triangle DEMRtACNRt\triangle ACN中,
{DM=ANDE=AC\because \left\{\begin{array}{l}{DM=AN}\\{DE=AC}\end{array}\right.
RtDEM\therefore Rt\triangle DEMRtACN(HL)Rt\triangle ACN\left(HL\right)
EM=CN\therefore EM=CN
AM+EM=BN+CN\therefore AM+EM=BN+CN,即AE=BCAE=BC.
(2)(2)证明:过点DDDHABDH\bot ABBABA的延长线于点HH,如图(2)所示,
H=90H=90^{\circ}
CFAB\because CF\bot AB
BFC=AFC=90=H\therefore \angle BFC =\angle AFC =90^{\circ}=\angle H
AD//BC\because AD//BC
DAH=B\therefore \angle DAH=\angle B
AD=AB\because AD=ABAB=BCAB=BC
AD=BC\therefore AD=BC
ADH\triangle ADHBCF\triangle BCF中,
{H=BFCDAH=CBFAD=BC\because \left\{\begin{array}{l}{∠H=∠BFC}\\{∠DAH=∠CBF}\\{AD=BC}\end{array}\right.
ADH\therefore \triangle ADHBCF(AAS)\triangle BCF\left(AAS\right)
DH=CF\therefore DH=CFAH=BFAH=BF
RtDEHRt\triangle DEHRtCAFRt\triangle CAF中,
{DH=CFDE=CA\because \left\{\begin{array}{l}{DH=CF}\\{DE=CA}\end{array}\right.
RtDEH\therefore Rt\triangle DEHRtCAF(HL)Rt\triangle CAF\left(HL\right)
EH=AF\therefore EH=AF
EHAE=AFAE\therefore EH-AE=AF-AE
AH=EFAH=EF
BF=AH=EF\therefore BF=AH=EF
F\therefore FBEBE的中点.

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