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九年级数学解答题一般
题目

已知,反比例函数y=2xy=\dfrac{2}{x}的图象和一次函数的图象交于AABB两点,点AA的横坐标是1-1,点BB的纵坐标是1-1.

(1)求这个一次函数的表达式;

(2)若点P(m,n)P\left(m,n\right)在反比例函数图象上,且点PP关于xx轴对称的点QQ恰好落在一次函数的图象上,求m2+n2m^{2}+n^{2}的值;

(3)若M(x1M(x_{1},y1)y_{1}),N(x2N(x_{2},y2)y_{2})是反比例函数在第一象限图象上的两点,满足x2x1=2x_{2}-x_{1}=2,y1+y2=3y_{1}+y_{2}=3,求MON\triangle MON的面积.

知识点:反比例函数与一次函数的交点章节:第18章 正比例函数与反比例函数 / 第2节 反比例函数 / 18.3 反比例函数

答案与解析

答案

(1)\left(1\right)\because反比例函数y=2xy=\dfrac{2}{x}的图象和一次函数的图象交于AABB两点,点AA的横坐标是1-1,点BB的纵坐标是1-1

A(1,2)\therefore A\left(-1,-2\right)B(2,1)B\left(-2,-1\right)

设一次函数的表达式为y=kx+by=kx+b

\because经过A(1,2)A\left(-1,-2\right)B(2,1)B\left(-2,-1\right)点,

{k+b=22k+b=1\therefore \left\{\begin{array}{l}-k+b=-2\\-2k+b=-1\end{array}\right.,解得{k=1b=3\left\{\begin{array}{l}k=-1\\b=-3\end{array}\right.

\therefore这个一次函数的表达式为y=x3y=-x-3

(2)\left(2\right)\becauseP(m,n)P\left(m,n\right)与点QQ关于xx轴对称,

Q(m,n)\therefore Q\left(m,-n\right)

\becauseP(m,n)P\left(m,n\right)在反比例函数图象上,

mn=2\therefore mn=2

\becauseQQ恰好落在一次函数的图象上,

n=m+3\therefore n=m+3

m(m+3)=2\therefore m\left(m+3\right)=2

m2+3m=2,\therefore m^{2}+3m=2,

m2+n2=m2+(m+3)2=2m2+6m+9=2(m2+3m)+9=2×2+9=13\therefore m^{2}+n^{2}=m^{2}+\left(m+3\right)^{2}=2m^{2}+6m+9=2\left(m^{2}+3m\right)+9=2\times 2+9=13

(3)如图,过MMMGxMG\bot x轴于GG,过NNNHxNH\bot x轴于HH

M(x1\because M(x_{1}y1)y_{1})N(x2N(x_{2}y2)y_{2})是反比例函数y=2xy=\dfrac{2}{x}在第一象限图象上的两点,

SMOG=SNOH=12k=1\therefore S_{\triangle MOG}=S_{\triangle NOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}|k|=1

x2x1=2\because x_{2}-x_{1}=2y1+y2=3y_{1}+y_{2}=3

SMON=S梯形MNHG+SMOGSNOH=S梯形MNHG=12(y1+y2)(x2x1)=12×3×2=3\therefore S_{\triangle MON}=S_{梯形MNHG}+S_{\triangle MOG}-S_{\triangle NOH}=S_{梯形MNHG}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y_{1}+y_{2}\right)\left(x_{2}-x_{1}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\times 3\times 2=3.

解析

(1)\left(1\right)\because反比例函数y=2xy=\dfrac{2}{x}的图象和一次函数的图象交于AABB两点,点AA的横坐标是1-1,点BB的纵坐标是1-1

A(1,2)\therefore A\left(-1,-2\right)B(2,1)B\left(-2,-1\right)

设一次函数的表达式为y=kx+by=kx+b

\because经过A(1,2)A\left(-1,-2\right)B(2,1)B\left(-2,-1\right)点,

{k+b=22k+b=1\therefore \left\{\begin{array}{l}-k+b=-2\\-2k+b=-1\end{array}\right.,解得{k=1b=3\left\{\begin{array}{l}k=-1\\b=-3\end{array}\right.

\therefore这个一次函数的表达式为y=x3y=-x-3

(2)\left(2\right)\becauseP(m,n)P\left(m,n\right)与点QQ关于xx轴对称,

Q(m,n)\therefore Q\left(m,-n\right)

\becauseP(m,n)P\left(m,n\right)在反比例函数图象上,

mn=2\therefore mn=2

\becauseQQ恰好落在一次函数的图象上,

n=m+3\therefore n=m+3

m(m+3)=2\therefore m\left(m+3\right)=2

m2+3m=2,\therefore m^{2}+3m=2,

m2+n2=m2+(m+3)2=2m2+6m+9=2(m2+3m)+9=2×2+9=13\therefore m^{2}+n^{2}=m^{2}+\left(m+3\right)^{2}=2m^{2}+6m+9=2\left(m^{2}+3m\right)+9=2\times 2+9=13

(3)如图,过MMMGxMG\bot x轴于GG,过NNNHxNH\bot x轴于HH

M(x1\because M(x_{1}y1)y_{1})N(x2N(x_{2}y2)y_{2})是反比例函数y=2xy=\dfrac{2}{x}在第一象限图象上的两点,

SMOG=SNOH=12k=1\therefore S_{\triangle MOG}=S_{\triangle NOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}|k|=1

x2x1=2\because x_{2}-x_{1}=2y1+y2=3y_{1}+y_{2}=3

SMON=S梯形MNHG+SMOGSNOH=S梯形MNHG=12(y1+y2)(x2x1)=12×3×2=3\therefore S_{\triangle MON}=S_{梯形MNHG}+S_{\triangle MOG}-S_{\triangle NOH}=S_{梯形MNHG}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y_{1}+y_{2}\right)\left(x_{2}-x_{1}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\times 3\times 2=3.

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