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九年级数学填空题一般
题目
【模型提出】如图11,已知线段ABAB的长度为44,在线段ABAB所在直线外有一点CC,且ACB=45\angle ACB=45^{\circ},想确定满足条件的点CC的位置,可以以ABAB为底边构造一个等腰RtAOBRt\triangle AOB,再以点OO为圆心,OAOA长为半径画圆,得到ABC\triangle ABC的外接圆,则点CCO\odot O的优弧ACBACB上.即:已知线段ABAB的长度,ACB\angle ACB的大小确定,则点CC一定在某一个确定的圆上,即定弦定角必定圆,我们把这样的几何模型称之为"定弦定角"模型.
【模型应用】
(1)(1)如图22,当弦AB=6AB=6,C=60\angle C=60^{\circ}时,求ABC\triangle ABC外接圆的半径.
(2)(2)如图33,在正方形ABCDABCD中,AB=4AB=4,点EEFF分别是边BCBCCDCD上的动点,BE=CFBE=CF,连接AEAEBFBF,AEAEBFBF交于点GG.
①在点GG的运动过程中AGB=\angle AGB=______;
②在图33中,点EE从点BB到点CC的运动过程中,求点GG经过的路径长和CGCG的最小值;
③在图33中,若点ABG\triangle ABG的内心,连接CICI,直接写出线段CICI的最小值.
知识点:直线的性质、线段垂直平分线的性质、圆章节:第28章 圆 / 28.1 圆的概念及性质

答案与解析

答案

(1)作ABC\triangle ABC外接圆,圆心为点OO,连接OAOAOBOB

C=60\because \angle C=60^{\circ}
AOB=120\therefore \angle AOB=120^{\circ}
过点OOOEABOE\bot AB于点EE,则AE=BE=3AE=BE=3
OA=OB\because OA=OB
OAE=OBE=30\therefore \angle OAE=\angle OBE=30^{\circ}
OA=2xOA=2x,则OE=xOE=x
OE2+AE2=OA2\therefore OE^{2}+AE^{2}=OA^{2}
x2+32=(2x)2\therefore x^{2}+3^{2}=\left(2x\right)^{2}
x=3(\therefore x=\sqrt{3}(负值舍),
OA=23\therefore OA=2\sqrt{3}
ABC\triangle ABC外接圆的半径为232\sqrt{3}
(2)(2)\because四边形ABCDABCD是正方形,
AB=BC\therefore AB=BCABE=BCF=90\angle ABE=\angle BCF=90^{\circ}
ABE\triangle ABEBCF\triangle BCF中,
{AB=BCABE=BCFBE=CF\left\{\begin{array}{l}{AB=BC}\\{∠ABE=∠BCF}\\{BE=CF}\end{array}\right.
ABE\therefore \triangle ABEBCF(SAS).\triangle BCF\left(SAS\right).
BAE=CBF\therefore \angle BAE=\angle CBF.
CBF+ABF=90\because \angle CBF+\angle ABF=90^{\circ}
BAE+ABF=90\therefore \angle BAE+\angle ABF=90^{\circ}
AGB=90\therefore \angle AGB=90^{\circ}
故答案为:9090^{\circ}
②连接ACACBDBD,它们交于点OO
\because四边形ABCDABCD是正方形,
ACBD\therefore AC\bot BD
AOB=90\therefore \angle AOB=90^{\circ}.
由①知:AGB=90\angle AGB=90^{\circ}
\thereforeEE从点BB到点CC的运动过程中,点GG经过的路径为以ABAB为直径的圆中的14\frac{1}{4}的圆周长BO^\widehat {BO},如图22
\thereforeEE从点BB到点CC的运动过程中,点GG经过的路径长为14×2π×2=π\frac{1}{4}\times 2\pi \times 2=\pi.
若点MMABAB的中点,BM=2BM=2
CM=BM2+BC2=25\therefore CM=\sqrt{B{M}^{2}+B{C}^{2}}=2\sqrt{5}
CG\therefore CG的最小值为CMBM=252CM-BM=2\sqrt{5}-2
ABG=90\because \angle ABG=90^{\circ},点IIABG\triangle ABG的内心,
AIG=135\therefore \angle AIG=135^{\circ}
\thereforeII在以ABAB为弦,所含圆周角为135135^{\circ}的劣弧上运动,如图,
设这个劣弧的圆心为OO,连接OAOAOBOB,过点OOOMBCOM\bot BC,交CBCB的延长线于点MM
AIB=135\because \angle AIB=135^{\circ}
AOB=90\therefore \angle AOB=90^{\circ}
OAB\therefore \triangle OAB为等腰直角三角形,
OA=OB=22AB=22\therefore OA=OB=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}AB=2\sqrt{2}.
ABM=90\because \angle ABM=90^{\circ}ABO=45\angle ABO=45^{\circ}
OBM=45\therefore \angle OBM=45^{\circ}
OMB\therefore \triangle OMB为等腰直角三角形,
MB=OM=22OB=2\therefore MB=OM=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}OB=2
CM=BC+MB=6\therefore CM=BC+MB=6.
当点OOIICC三点在一条直线上时,CICI取得最小值=OCOI=OC-OI.
OC=OM2+MC2=210\because OC=\sqrt{O{M}^{2}+M{C}^{2}}=2\sqrt{10}OI=OA=22OI=OA=2\sqrt{2}
CI\therefore CI的最小值=21022=2\sqrt{10}-2\sqrt{2}.
故答案为:210222\sqrt{10}-2\sqrt{2}.

解析

(1)作ABC\triangle ABC外接圆,圆心为点OO,连接OAOAOBOB

C=60\because \angle C=60^{\circ}
AOB=120\therefore \angle AOB=120^{\circ}
过点OOOEABOE\bot AB于点EE,则AE=BE=3AE=BE=3
OA=OB\because OA=OB
OAE=OBE=30\therefore \angle OAE=\angle OBE=30^{\circ}
OA=2xOA=2x,则OE=xOE=x
OE2+AE2=OA2\therefore OE^{2}+AE^{2}=OA^{2}
x2+32=(2x)2\therefore x^{2}+3^{2}=\left(2x\right)^{2}
x=3(\therefore x=\sqrt{3}(负值舍),
OA=23\therefore OA=2\sqrt{3}
ABC\triangle ABC外接圆的半径为232\sqrt{3}
(2)(2)\because四边形ABCDABCD是正方形,
AB=BC\therefore AB=BCABE=BCF=90\angle ABE=\angle BCF=90^{\circ}
ABE\triangle ABEBCF\triangle BCF中,
{AB=BCABE=BCFBE=CF\left\{\begin{array}{l}{AB=BC}\\{∠ABE=∠BCF}\\{BE=CF}\end{array}\right.
ABE\therefore \triangle ABEBCF(SAS).\triangle BCF\left(SAS\right).
BAE=CBF\therefore \angle BAE=\angle CBF.
CBF+ABF=90\because \angle CBF+\angle ABF=90^{\circ}
BAE+ABF=90\therefore \angle BAE+\angle ABF=90^{\circ}
AGB=90\therefore \angle AGB=90^{\circ}
故答案为:9090^{\circ}
②连接ACACBDBD,它们交于点OO
\because四边形ABCDABCD是正方形,
ACBD\therefore AC\bot BD
AOB=90\therefore \angle AOB=90^{\circ}.
由①知:AGB=90\angle AGB=90^{\circ}
\thereforeEE从点BB到点CC的运动过程中,点GG经过的路径为以ABAB为直径的圆中的14\frac{1}{4}的圆周长BO^\widehat {BO},如图22
\thereforeEE从点BB到点CC的运动过程中,点GG经过的路径长为14×2π×2=π\frac{1}{4}\times 2\pi \times 2=\pi.
若点MMABAB的中点,BM=2BM=2
CM=BM2+BC2=25\therefore CM=\sqrt{B{M}^{2}+B{C}^{2}}=2\sqrt{5}
CG\therefore CG的最小值为CMBM=252CM-BM=2\sqrt{5}-2
ABG=90\because \angle ABG=90^{\circ},点IIABG\triangle ABG的内心,
AIG=135\therefore \angle AIG=135^{\circ}
\thereforeII在以ABAB为弦,所含圆周角为135135^{\circ}的劣弧上运动,如图,
设这个劣弧的圆心为OO,连接OAOAOBOB,过点OOOMBCOM\bot BC,交CBCB的延长线于点MM
AIB=135\because \angle AIB=135^{\circ}
AOB=90\therefore \angle AOB=90^{\circ}
OAB\therefore \triangle OAB为等腰直角三角形,
OA=OB=22AB=22\therefore OA=OB=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}AB=2\sqrt{2}.
ABM=90\because \angle ABM=90^{\circ}ABO=45\angle ABO=45^{\circ}
OBM=45\therefore \angle OBM=45^{\circ}
OMB\therefore \triangle OMB为等腰直角三角形,
MB=OM=22OB=2\therefore MB=OM=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}OB=2
CM=BC+MB=6\therefore CM=BC+MB=6.
当点OOIICC三点在一条直线上时,CICI取得最小值=OCOI=OC-OI.
OC=OM2+MC2=210\because OC=\sqrt{O{M}^{2}+M{C}^{2}}=2\sqrt{10}OI=OA=22OI=OA=2\sqrt{2}
CI\therefore CI的最小值=21022=2\sqrt{10}-2\sqrt{2}.
故答案为:210222\sqrt{10}-2\sqrt{2}.

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